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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with the loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells, and decreasing blood osmolarity Name this type of water electrolyte imbalance
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When there is a foreign body in the airways. What bronchus should the doctor examine first, while searching for the foreign body to extract it?
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A young woman, a foreign student from Teheran has made an appointment with the urologist. She complains of the sensation of heaviness in her lower abdomen and a small amount of blood being excreted with urine at the end of each urination. Microscopy of urine detects the presence of parasite eggs, approximately 140x70micros in size, with a terminal spike. What diagnosis can be made by the infectious disease specialist?
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A 20-year-old man from the early childhood suffered from type I diabetes mellitus and was constantly undergoing insulin therapy. Within the last year he started breaking his diet and was taking his insulin doses irregularly. To detect possible complications, particularly glomerular diseases, the endocrinologist referred him for urinalysis. What is the first persistent Sign of glomerular filtration disorder?
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Secretion of orotic acid many times exceeds the norm in patients with hereditary orotic aciduria. This pathology is associated with disturbed synthesis of:
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A child has cataract, delayed mental development, and enlarged liver. The doctor suspects these signs are caused by the deficiency of hexose-I-phosphate uridyltransferase. What pathological process is observed in this case?
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24 hours after an appendectomy the patient’s blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift, What is the most likely mechanism of absolute leukocytosis development in the patient’s peripheral blood?
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To treat the burns, a patient was prescribed a drug with antiseptic properties that are based on formation of atomic oxygen in the presence of organic substances. This drug has also an astringent (anti-inflammatory) effect due to formation of albuminates. Name this drug
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A 47-year-old woman with chronic pancreatitis accompanied by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was prescribed pancreatic enzymes. What type of therapy is it?
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Because of health concerns, one of the patient’s adrenal glands had to be removed. How will the structure of the remaining adrenal gland change?
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Vitamin B1 deficiency impairs oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutaric acid, which leads to disturbed synthesis of a certain coenzyme. Name this coenzyme:
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During inflammatory process, the vessels of the microvasculature develop increased permeability and hydrodynamic pressure. Protein structures in the interstitial fluid exhibit increased osmotic concentration and dispersion. What mechanism of edema formation will be observed during inflammatory process?
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A woman hospitalized in the surgical department complains of pain in her lower abdomen and in the small of her back, frequent and painful urination. Urine culture test revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive bacillus that formed green mucous colonies with a specific smell. What causative agent can be suspected?
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A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed ORS complexes unconnected with P waves. Atrial contractions are approximately 70/min., ventricular contractions – 2E. 30/min. Name the type of arrhythmia in this case:
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The patient’s ECG shows that in the second standard lead from the extremities the P waves are positive, their amplitude is 0.1 mV (norm is 0.05-0.25 mV), duration – 0.1 seconds (norm is 0.07-0.10 seconds). it can be concluded that the following process occurs normally in the cardiac atria:
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A 7-year-old boy has a bright-pink punctate rash against the background of hyperemia on his forehead, neck, lower abdomen, and in the popliteal spaces. His nasolabial triangle is rale. In the oropharynx there is a bright-red hyperemic swollen and friable, lacunas contain pus, area with clear margins, the tonsils arc the longue is raspberry pink. The cervical lymph nodes arc enlarged and painful. Diagnose:
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Clinical blood testing is recommended to be done in the morning and on an empty stomach. What changes in the blood composition is likely if a blood sample was obtained after a meal?
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A patient has developed status epilepticus. What medicine should be used in this case to stop the seizures?
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A woman gave birth to two twins. One of them was provisionally diagnosed with cri-du-chat syndrome that manifests as underdeveloped laryngeal muscles and "meowing" voice timbre. This syndrome occurs because of chromosome mutation. What method can verify or refute this diagnosis?
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A 16-year-old female has no hair on the pubis and in the armpits, her mammary glands are underdeveloped, no menstruations. This condition can he caused by the following hormone imbalance:
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A patient died with signs of heart failure. Autopsy shows the following postinfarction cardiosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and dilated cardiac chambers. The liver is enlarged, has smooth surface is plethoric on section, covered in dark red species against the brown tinted background of tissue. Histologically the central veins of the hepatic lobules are plethoric; there is erythrocyte diapedesis into the perivascular space. Central hepatocytes are dystrophic, while peripheral hepatocytes are enlarged and affected by fatty degeneration. What process is occurred in the patient’s liver?
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Shigella capable of producing exotoxin was obtained from a patient diagnosed with dysentery. What Shigella species is
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Patient suffers from episodes of arterial hypertension that are accompanied by tachycardia, profuse sweating, sharp Pain in the epigastric region. What neoplastic disease of the endocrine glands is the most likely in this case, based on these signs?
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A patient developed a purulent inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues. The process was caused by activation of the microorganisms inherent in the body, which are a part of oral mucosal microflora. What type of infection is it?
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One of the cell organelles is the place where the protein molecules are being built and package with carbohydrates and fats. Before there are transported from the cell via exocytosis. What organelle is it?
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Microscopy of autopsy material detected that the detected that the alveolar lumens in the lungs are filled with exudate, consisting mainly of erythrocytes. What is the most likely cause of development?
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When preparing for an important sports contest, it is recommended to train at high altitude (2-3 km above mean sea level). Prolonged exposure to such conditions leads to
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A lab rat has subcutaneously received mercury (II) chloride in the amount of 5 mg/kg.24 hours later the plasma creatinine concentration increased several times. What mechanism of retention azotemia is observed in this case?
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A 56-year-old woman with angio neurotic edema was prescribed an HI blocker with antispasmodic, sedative and local anesthetic action. Select this H1 blocker from the list:
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A sick child has no anti-hemophilic factor (factor VIII) in the blood plasma. What pathology of hemostasis is it?
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Electrons release their energy, when they are being transported in the course of tissue respiration. This energy is used for the following process
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An electronic microphotograph shows a fragment of the proper gastric gland. In the photograph there is a large irregular rounded cell with numerous intracellular canaliculi and mitochondria. Name this type of cell:
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Autopsy of the body revealed waxy degeneration of the rectus abdominis muscles. In the terminal segment of the small intestine there are ulcers 3-5 cm in diameter. The ulcer walls are covered in a crumbling grayish-yellow substance. The ulcer cages are moderately raised above the mucosa. Widal test is positive. Make the diagnosis:
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An oncology patient is to undergo a surgery on the descending colon. Name the main source of the blood supply to this organ:
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Decreased vasopressin synthesis causes polyuria and, as a result, marked dehydration. What is the mechanism of polyuria development?
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A person was hospitalized with markedly icteric skin, sclera and mucosa. Urinalysis shows the presence of direct bilirubin. Patient’s urine is the color of dark beer. Fecal levels of bile pigments are low. What type of jaundice is observed in this patient?
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A woman has lately been excessively excitable and irritable and had insomnia. She was prescribed diazepam. What is the main mechanism of action of this drug?
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The doctor examines patient with diabetes mellitus. Ile needs to check the pulsation of an artery that enters the foot between the london’s or extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus. What artery is it?
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A 50-year-old man was hospitalized with suspected gallbladder inflammation He was prescribed fibrogastroscopy of the gastrointestinal tract with mandatory examination of the major duodenal papilla. Where in the duodenum can doctor find this papilla?
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Mother of a 5-year-old child complains that her child develops itching skin. erythema, and vesicular rash after exposure to the sun. Blood test revealed low levels of iron in the blood serum. Urine contains increased levels of uroporphyrinogen
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