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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A patient was hospitalized in a proshock condition. He has a penetrating wound to the chest and coughs constantly. What medicine will have analgesic and antitussive effect in this case?
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A 40-year-old man with pulmonary tuberculosis was prescribed isoniazid. Prolonged taking of this drug can result in the development of the following vitamin deficiency:
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Autopsy of the body revealed a large wedge-shaped patch of a dense dark red tissue with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological examination detected there necrosis of the alveolar walls; the alveolar lumen is tightly packed with erythrocytes. What process occurred in the lungs?
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The dentist detected herpetic stomatitis in a patient. What medicine should the patient be prescribed?
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A bacteriologist found in a sick child the causative agents of Flexner dysentery type 2, Sonne dysentery type 1 and enteropathogenic colibacillus .055/BE. Name this type of infection
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Bacterioscopy of purulent cervical discharge detected gram-negative bean shaped diplococci, both inside and outside of the leucocytes. What is the causative agent of purulent inflammation of the uterine cervix in this case?
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A ballet dancer spins to the left. During the spin, her eyes snap quickly in the left. This fast eye movement is caused by the activation of:
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A patient developed left ventricular heart failure. What compensatory responses in the patient’s body will aimed at the prevention of pulmonary edema?
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A 42-year-old man with intestinal atony was prescribed proserin, after which he developed signs of bronchospasm. What type old drug action is it?
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A person developed increased pulmonary ventilation due to physical exertion. What indicator of pulmonary function will be significantly increased compared to the resting state?
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An electronic microphotograph shows a fragment of the renal corpuscle. In the photograph there is a large epithelial cell’ with numerous appendages. The appendages are attached to the basement membrane of the capillaries. What type of cell is it?
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A patient diagnosed with liver abscess was hospitalized into the surgery department. He has a history of frequent gastrointestinal disturbances. Laboratory analysis of the patient’s feces detected protozoa is this patient infected with?
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A patient needs to be prescribed a wide-spectrum luoroquinolone agent. Select one such agent from the list:
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A biopsy material obtained from a mammary tumor has solid layers that consist of small epithelial cells with polymorphic nuclei and numerous pathological mitoses. The stroma is scant and has lymphocyte infiltration. Make the diagnosis:
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To study a normal menstruation cycle, the OB-GYN specialist, taking into account the pyrogenic effect of progesterone, measured the patient’s rectal basal body temperature. At what phase of the cycle will the rectal temperature increase by 0.4-0.5C?
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A histological specimen demonstrates a vessel with the wall that consists of endothelium. basement membrane, and loose connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
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A 60- year- old man complains of pain in his lower abdomen and frequent stools. Stool analysis shows increased levels of neutral fats in the patient’s feces. Incomplete digestion of fats is caused by the deficiency of a certain enzyme. Name this enzyme:
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Microscopy of the sputum of the patient with lobular pneumonia revealed a large number of gram positive lancet shaped encapsulated diplococci. What is the causative agent in this?
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ECG of the patient shows increased duration of the ORS complex. What is the most likely cause?
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A 5-year-old kindergartener has diphtheria. To find the carriers of this disease among the kindergarten staff, samples of pharyngeal mucus were obtained from the employees. One of the employees had gram-positive bacilli in her sample. They were situated at an angle to each other and colored unevenly, when stained according to Loeffler. What method can confirm that this carrier is dangerous to the other people?
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A patient complains of stomachache. Biochemical testing revealed decreased secretory function of the stomach accompanied by anemia. Hypovitaminosis B12 and development of anemia are caused by the low levels of a certain substance. What substance is it?
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A 29-year-old man complains of headache, swelling, weight gain, low urine output, and marked weakness. Laboratory Testing revealed increased concentration of T SH. The levels of estrogen, growth hormone, glucose, urea, and creatinine are normal. What medical condition corresponds with these signs?
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A 25-year-old woman complaint of deteriorating vision. Examination revealed a defect in accommodation, the pupil is dilated and unresponsive to light. What muscles are functionally disturbed in this case?
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A patient used an indirect-acting adrenergic agonist to treat rhinitis. After the patient has been administering in the nose drops for several days, the vasoconstrictive effect of the drug gradually diminished. Name this phenomenon:
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Histology of the liver detected there a vesicle with chitin and protein membrane, filled with a colorless transparent fluid. What disease can manifest this way?
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A patient cannot raise his eyebrow, fully close his eye or bare his teeth on one side of his face. What nerve is likely to be damaged?
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A test animal receives electrical impulses that irritate the sympathetic nerve that innervates blood vessels of the skin. What reaction will it cause in the blood vessels?
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A patient with choledocholithiasis has fatty colorless stool because of obturation of the biliary tract. What bile component is absent, causing steatorrhea?
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A patient is diagnosed with the glucocerebroside lipidosis (gaucher’s disease) that manifest as splenomegaly liver enlargement affected bone tissue and neuropathies. What enzyme of complex lipid catabolism is deficient causing this disease?
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Autopsy of the body of an 18-year-old young man shows that the spleen weight is 580 grams, it is dark-red on section, spleen pulp easily serapes off. Histologically, there is marked proliferation of reticular cells and a large number of mature neutrophils in the sinusoidal capillaries. In this case the spleen can be described as:
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A man for a long time of suffering from hemoblastosis. Autopsy of the body revealed brown color of bone marrow, spleen, liver and lymph nodes. Perl’s histochemical reaction was performed. It was determined that reticular, endothelial and histiocytic elements of the affected organs contain blue granules. What pigment was detected using the Perl’s histochemical reaction?
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ECG shows absent P waves replaced by f waves, QRST complexes have irregular intervals between them (RR interval varies). R waves have different voltage. What type of arrhythmia is it?
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A patient has signs of striatopallidal system damage. These signs are caused by disturbed synthesis of a certain mediator in a certain structure. Name this mediator and its corresponding structure:
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Histological specimen shows parenchyma of an organ that consists of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules; the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. What anatomical structure has such morphological characteristics?
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A 6-year-old child had acute onset of the disease that started catarrhal nasopharyngitis,2 days later the patient died. Autopsy of the body shows markedly plethoric and swollen pia mater that is soaked with thick turbid yellow – green fluid .The brain is swollen, the cerebellar tonsils are enlarged ,and there is a clearly visible ligature mark on the brain .The described changes are the characteristics of:
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A patient complains of rapid fatigability and severe muscle weakness, Examination detected an autoimmune disease that disturbs the functionality of the receptors in the neuromuscular synapses. What mediator is likely to be blocked in this case?
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A laboratory rat with chronic kidney failure has osteoporosis, pathologic calcification of the internal organs, and arterial hypertension. These disturbances are associated with the increased activity of the following hormone:
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Autopsy of the body revealed large brown-red deposits on the external surface of the aortic valve. The deposits cover ulcers and crumble easily. What disease can be suspected in this case?
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The patient underwent blood test that showed albumin of 20 g/L and increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 (LDH) These results indicate a disorder of the following organ:
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Section shows significant enlargement of the patient’s right kidney There is a nephrolith at the place of incision. Renal pelvic lumen is distended with accumulating urine. Renal parenchyma is substantially thinned out. What is the most correct diagnosis?
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