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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A patient with inherited immunodeficiency underwent gene therapy: the gene of an enzyme was introduced into the patient’s cells using a retrovirus. Whist characteristic of the genetic code allows using retroviruses as vectors of functional genes?
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It has been found experimentally that activation of amino acids and their binding to the tRNA is an important stage of preparation for protein synthesis in the cells .what substance takes part in this process?
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After examination, the doctor diagnosed the patient with parainfluenza, based on the clinical findings. What route of transmission is characteristic of this disease?
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A patient was diagnosed with a parathyroid tumor. He has generalized fibrous osteodystrophy and period attacks of renal colic Ultrasound detected small stones in the kidneys. What is the most likely cause of kidney stone formation?
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During gastric resection the patient received mixed anesthesia tubocurarine chloride muscle relaxant. To restore unassisted respiration in the patient, the patient was given proserin. What pharmacological group does this drug belong
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What compensatory response occurs in the human body when external temperature significantly rises?
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A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Bruton’s disease (x-linked agammaglobulinemia) that manifests itself in severe clinical course of bacterial infections and absence of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. What changes of immunoglobulin content can be observed in blood serum of the child with immunodeficiency?
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A victim of a traffic accident suffered damage to one hall of the spinal cord and developed Brown-Sequard syndromic. What causes motor function disturbance on the damaged side below the site of trauma
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When examining a biopsy material obtained from the thyroid gland the pathologist discovered lymphocyte infiltration of the thyroid tissues and destruction of the parenchymal elements Diffuse lymphocyte infiltration with lymphoid follicles was detected in the stroma. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A patient presents with acute attack of choledocholithiasis. Laboratory examination of the patient’s feces will likely to show the following in this case:
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A test animal kept on a low protein diet developed fatty infiltration of the liver to low levels of methylating agents. What amino acid is a methylating agent?
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A person received a penetrating wound of the abdominal cavity. The anterior abdominal wall is injured. The wound tract passes through the plica umbilicalis lateralis. What vessel is damaged?
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Blood of a patient with bladder cancer has high levels of serotonin and hydroxyanthranilic acid, because of excessive intake of a certain amino acid. Name this amino acid:
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A 10-year-old homeless boy was brought to the admission room with a severe case of bronchitis. Objectively, the child is exhausted, he presents with delayed physical development, dry peeling skin, trophic ulcers in some places and a loss of twilight vision ("night-blindness"). What vitamin supplements should be prescribed to this boy?
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A 2-year-old child presents with delay in psychomotor development, vision, hearing deterioration, marked enlargement of liver and spleen. The child diagnosed with hereditary Niemann-pick disease. What genetic defect is the cause of this disease?
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A laboratory received a sputum sample obtained from a patient with tuberculosis. What staining method should be used to detect the causative agents of tuberculosis?
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An infant developed darkened sclerae, mucosa, and auricles. The urine becomes dark, when exposed to the air. Blood and urine contain homogentisic acid. What is the most likely disease in this case
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After the surgery the patient was long time was receiving promedol (Trimeperidine) intravenously. When he stops receiving this drug he developed severe psychosomatic disturbances. Name the phenomenon:
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A 50-year-old man undergoes pancreatitis How is the affected organ located in relation to the peritoneum?
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A patient has frequent visceral and mucosal hemorrhages. Analysis shows that the collagen fibers in the patient's body Sack hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. The hydroxylation processes of these amino acids are disrupted because of a vitamin deficiency. What vitamin is deficient in this case?
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For the third spring in a row. when poplars start to bloom, a 20-year-old student develops itching and hyperemia in her eyes and nose, rhinorrhea, cough, and urticaria on the exposed areas of her skin Examination detected a sharp increase in IgE levels. The allergologist prescribed her a special hyposensitization therapy How is this kind of treatment administered?
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A patient has severe peripheral edema. Consecutive administration of dichlothiazide (hydrochlorothiazide), etacrynic acid, and furosemide did not have any significant diuretic effect. In the blood there is significant increase of aldosterone levels. What is the drug of choice in this case?
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The renal artery of a test rabbit was Surgically narrowed. One month later a Significant increase in systemic arterial pressure was registered in the animal. What regulatory mechanism caused the change in the animal’s blood pressure?
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An inguinal hernia was found in a patient. During herniotomy, a reinforcement of the anterior wall of the inguinal canal is necessary. What anatomical structures of the anterior abdominal wall are used for the reinforcement in this case?
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A patient with characteristically hypoplastic thymus suffers from DiGeorge Syndrome. What type of immunological pathology is it?
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A certain type of digestion is disturbed in the patient’s small intestine. This type of digestion occurs on the apical surface of enterocytes and uses the membrane bound enzymes adsorbed in the glycocalyx. What type of digestion is it?
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A patient with heart failure developed edema. What is the main pathogenetic link of edema development in this case?
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Various physical and physio-chemical methods are used in research of blood serum proteins. ln particular, serum albumins and globulins can be separated using the following method:
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Various physical and physio-chemical methods are used in research of blood serum proteins. ln particular, serum albumins and globulins can be separated using the following method:
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A 47-year-old man complains of weakness and dizziness. Half a year ago he underwent a gastric resection. Blood test: Hb – 80g/L, erythrocytes- 3.5 x 1012/l, color index – 0.69, ESR – 15mm/hr, serum iron – 5.4 mcmol/L, erythrocyte hypochromia. What type of anemia is the most likely in this patient?
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For diagnostic purposes a parenchyma sample of the patient’s blood-forming organ was obtained. The sample contain megakaryocytes. What organ is it?
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A patient with neurodermatitis was taking prednisolone for a long time. Examination revealed high blood glucose. This complication occurs, when glucocorticosteroids affect a certain stage of carbohydrate metabolism. What stage of carbohydrate metabolism is affected?
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After a cerebral hemorrhage the patient has lost the ability to understand speech Where in the cortex is the site of trauma in this case?
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A patient with myocardial infarction has acute heart failure. Among the drugs that increase the force of heart contractions the least dangerous in this case will be:
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Gynecological analysis of a child with myotonic dystrophy determined that this disease manifests in every generation, is in equal measure present in the relatives of both genders, the risk of inheriting this disease is equal no matter which parent is affected. If one of the parents is heterozygous for this disease and the other parent is healthy. the risk of them giving birth to a sick child is 50%. What type of disease inheritance is it?
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A 45-year-old woman has breast cancer Metastases can spread in this case to the following regional lymph nodes:
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A 2-year-old child was diagnosed with thymic hypoplasia. What indicator of the immune system status is the most characteristic of this type of immunodeficiency?
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A pathological process involves conduction pathways of the spinal cord resulting in disturbed pain sensation in the skin and muscles. What pathways are affected?
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A patient has ascites, his spleen is double the normal size. He has esophageal and rectal varices. Histology of the biopsy material obtained from the liver revealed micronodular cirrhosis. What complicated the hepatic cirrhosis in this case?
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A patient complains of pain in the upper umbilical region. On palpation there is a mobile painful intestine. What intestine is being palpated by the doctor
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