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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 36-year-old man was brought into the infectious diseases hospital with profuse diarrhoea, signs of exsiccosis and acute decrease of body temperature. He died of uremia. Autopsy detects a colorless liquid resembling rice water in the lumen of the small intestine; mucosa is hypermic. Microscopy of the small intestine shows vascular plethora, focal hemorrhages, desquamation of enterocytes, goblet cell hypersecretion and lymphocytic and leukocytic infiltration of mucosal stroma. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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A patient with an eye trauma was prescribed a substance that induces a long term (up to 10 days) relaxation of the accommodation muscles. Name this substance:
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A patient presents with signs of exudative pleurisy. The liquid will accumulate predominantly in the following anatomical structure:
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A 38-year-old man, who has been suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus for 3 years, developed diffuse renal lesions accompanied by massive edemas, marked proteinuria, hyperlipidemia and dysproteinemia. What is the most likely mechanism of proteinuria development in this case?
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Electronic microphotograph of a renal corpuscle shows certain cells with processes between the capillaries of the vascular glomerulus. There is a large number of filaments in their cytoplasm. Name these cells:
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A 32-year-old man from the rural area came to the doctor with complaints of a painful swelling in the submandibular region with formation of a fistula. Examination showed an infiltration; in the center of this infiltration there was a fistula with thick purulent discharge that contained white granules. The infiltration was lanced, which revealed dense yellow green tissues with a honeycomb structure due to numerous small abscesses. What disease can be suspected?
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During periodic medical examination, a person with no health complaints presents with leucocytosis. This sign can be detected if blood sample for the analysis was obtained after:
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During recording of a spirogram a patient calmly exhaled. How do we call the volume of air remaining in the lungs?
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During the skill building session in microbiology the students need to stain the prepared and fixed sputum smears obtained from a tuberculosis patient. What staining technique should be used in this case?
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A patient suffers from disturbed patency of the airways at the level of small and medium-sized bronchial tubes. What changes in the patient’s acid-base balance can occur in this case?
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A young man with a history of gonorrhea that was completely treated presents with a case of gonorrhea again. This case can be classified as:
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To prevent the coagulation of a blood sample obtained from a patient for analysis, it was mixed with heparin solution. By its chemical structure this anticoagulant belongs to:
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7 days eating a smoked pork, the patient developed periorbital edemas, myalgia, gastrointestinal disorders and sharp increase in body temperature. Blood test shows marked eosinophilia. What helminth was transmitted to this patient through the pork?
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For infectious disease prevention, a person preparing to travel to Africa was prescribed chingamin (Chloroquine). This drug belongs to the following pharmacological group:
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In stress conditions an ealderly person developed elevated blood pressure. It is caused by activation of:
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If a dog for a long time is being conditioned in a very precise differentiation, as a result, the inhibition processes can be exhausted and a persistent long-term excitation will developed instead. What nervous system pathology can develop in this case?
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After a prolonged fasting therapy, the patient presents with decreased ratio of albumins and globulins in blood plasma. What will be the result of this changed ratio?
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To lose some weight a woman has been limiting the amount of products in her diet. 3 months later she developed edemas and her diuresis increased. What dietary component is deficient, causing this condition in the patient?
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A person with the fourth blood group (genotype IAIB) has in erythrocytes both antigen A controlled by allele IA and antigen B controlled by allele IB. This phenomenon is an example of the following gene interaction:
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ECG of the patient shows increased duration of the QRS complex. What is the most likely cause?
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Spirogram analysis shows decreased depth and frequency of respirations in the person, which in turn leads to decrease in the:
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In a township there was registered an outbreak of hepatitis, which was attributed to contaminated water supply. What hepatitis virus could be the cause of the outbreak in the township?
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During a surgery performed in the abdominal cavity the surgeon located a ligament of the liver stretching from the anterior abdominal wall (navel) to the inferior surface of the liver. What ligament is it?
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What enzymatic system uses the energy of electrochemical potential for ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
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In the process of protein conversion into the active form after biosynthesis, the proteins undergo certain postmodification changes. What change occurs when proinsulin transforms into insulin?
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A 40year old pregnant woman underwent amniocentesis. The examination determined the fetal karyotype to be 47, XY+21. What fetal pathology was detected?
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A patient with a tumor in his large intestine complains of abdominal pain, feces with blood, general weakness. In blood: hemoglobin 97 mmol/L, erythrocytes 2.8. 1012/L color index 0.66 microcytosis, poikilocytosis moderate number of polychromatocytes. What type of anemia is it?
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Histological analysis of a biopsy material obtained from a tuberculosis patient shows a focus of caseous necrosis with irregularly arranged small chromatin granules. These visible changes are a result of:
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During intense physical exertion, one of the energy sources for the working muscles is glucose produced as the result of gluconeogenesis. This process is the most intensive in the following organ:
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A patient is diagnosed with herpetic stomatitis. What should be prescribed for treatment in this case?
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A 2-year-old child on examination presents with hepatosplenomegaly, cataract and delayed mental development. Blood galactose levels are high. What hereditary pathology is likely in this child?
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A patient diagnosed with downward displacement of the right kidney (nephroptosis) was brought into the nephrology department. Where is the right kidney located normally in relation in the 12th rib?
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During cholecystectomy besides a cystyca another artery was pulled into the ligature. Ligation of this artery resulted in right-sided necrosis of the liver which led to the death of the patient. What artery was mistakenly ligated along with a cystyca?
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A 7-year-old child has an acute onset of disease: temperature up to 38c, rhinitis, cough, lacrimation, and a large spot rash on the skin. Pharyngeal mucosa is edematous hyperemic, with whitish spots in the buccal area. What kind of inflammation causes changes in the buccal mucosa?
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A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhoea presents with loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells, and decreasing blood osmolarity. Name this type of water electrolyte imbalance:
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A person with a heatstroke was brought into an admission room. What defensive and compensatory mechanism develops in the condition?
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Autopsy of a 9-year-old child shows numerous irregular defects of varying depth with uneven margins and gray-white films tightly attached to the underlying tissue on the rectal mucosa of the body. What disease can be suspected?
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A tuberculosis patient has prescribed a complex treatment. Isoniazid is a part of this treatment. By its chemical composition, this drug can be classified as:
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After a trauma the patient cannot extend his arm in the elbow joint. This condition is likely to be caused by functional disturbance of the following muscle:
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