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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A man presents with disturbed circulation in the myocardium of the right atrium. The disturbances occurred in the system of the following artery:
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During experinment a skeletal muscle is being stimulated with a series of electrical impulses. What type of muscular contraction will develop, if each following impulse occurs within the relaxation period after the previous single contraction of the muscle?
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A patient complaining of nausea and heartburn after meals, and steatorrhea came to the gastroenterologist. What is the likely cause of the patient’s condition?
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After a week of starvation, blood glucose levels maintain stability due to the following process
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In an experiment, an extracellular potassium concentration was increased until it became equal to the intracellular potassium concentration, which resulted in the loss of cellular excitability. What electrophysiological process occurred in this case?
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A certain syndrome manifests as damage to the teeth, hair and bones. Each generation has affected persons. Men and women are affected with equal frequency. What is the type of inheritance of this syndrome?
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A 27-year-old patient with injury to the neck has lost approximately 30% of the blood volume. The patient’s condition is severe: blood pressure is 60/40 mm Hg, heart rate is 140/min., respiratory rate is 30/min., conscious. Characterise the condition of the patient’s circulatory system:
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During hypersensitivity skin test a patient received an allergen subcutaneously, after which the patient developed skin redness, edema, and pain due to histamine action. This biogenic amine is produced as the result of the following transformation of histidine amino acid:
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A patient with clinical signs of a primary immunodeficiency has functionally disturbed mechanism of antigen-presentation to the immunocompetent cells. What cells are likely to have structural defects?
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A patient with urolithiasis has developed severe pain attacks. For pain shock prevention he was administered an antispasmodic narcotic analgesic along with atropine. Name this drug:
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Due to early taking of antibiotics by a patient with typical clinical presentation of dysentery, bacteriological analysis of the patient’s feces detected no Shigella in the samples. Passive hemagglutination reaction shows a four time increase in the titer of anti Shigella antibodies in the patient’s paired sera. What does it indicate?
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A 45year old man, who had been taking large doses of paracetamol to treat a cold, developed oliguria and azotemia. 5 days later he died with signs of acute renal failure. Renal histology shows diffuse edema of the medullary interestitium infiltrated with lymphocytes, eosinophils, and single neutrophils: renal tubular epithelium is destroyed; glomerular changes are mild. What is the most likely type of kidney damage in this case?
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After a case of severe infectious disease the patient developed signs of diabetes insipidus, which was indicated by daily urine output increased up to 10 liters. What mechanism of dehydration development is leading in this case?
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A patient is in a state of anaphylactic shock. What drug should be used for urgent treatment of this condition?
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Floor of the crypts in the small intestine mucosa contains cells with acidophilic secretory granules and basophilic cytoplasm. These cells function as a part of the antibacterial defense of the body. Name these cells:
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After eating homemade canned meat, a student developed signs of food poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum: diplopia, speech disturbance, and respiratory paralysis. What causes these signs in botulism?
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A 67-year-old patient with clinical diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, pneumosclerosis and cardiopulmonary decompensation has the biopsy material taken from the suspicious area in his right bronchus mucosa. Cellular and tissue atypism along with pearly bodies can be histologically detected. What pathological process is characterized by the described histological changes?
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For preventive immunization against poliomyelitis, inactivated vaccine was introduced parenterally. What immunoglobulins induce postvaccinal immunity in this case?
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A 45-year-old woman suffers from arterial hypertension with high blood concentration of angiotensin II. What antihypertensive drug is the most recommendedin the given case?
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A 5-year-old girl for diagnostic purpose underwent Mantoux tuberculin skin test. 48 hours later in the place of tuberculin injection developed a dense papule 1.5 cm in diameter with signs of hyperemia and necrosis. What is the mechanism of hypersensitivity that resulted in these changes?
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A patient with obliterating endoarteritis underwent ganglionic sympathoectomy. What type of arterial hyperemia developed as a result of the surgery in this patient?
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A 45-year-old man complains a plague like formation on his nose. Histology of the skin biopsy material detected clusters of round and tumor cells with thin layer of basophilic cytoplasm. These cells resemble the cells of basal layer of epidermis . Specific the name of this tumor:
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On the 3rd day after giving birth a 29year old postparturient woman developed diffuse edema of the right mammary gland with pain on palpation hypermic skin in the affected area and elevated body temperature upto 38c. Histology of the gland tissue revealed a diffuse celluar infiltration in stroma, which consisted of a large amount of neutrophilic leukocytes, interestial edema and vascular hypermia. Make the diagnostic.
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A patient suffers from peptic ulcer disease with ulcer localization in the duodenum. He complains of heartburn, nausea, and periodic vomiting. What H2 blocker should be prescribed in this case?
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During diabetes mellitus, the content of ketone bodies in the blood is increased, which leads to metabolic acidosis. Ketone bodies are synthesized from:
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Preoperative examination revealed prothrombin deficiency in the blood of the patient. What drug should be preliminary prescribed to mitigate blood loss in the patient during the surgery?
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A boxer had sustained a blow to the left parotid area, after which he developed paralysis of the facial muscles on this side, What nerve had been damaged?
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Postmortem examination of the body of a man, who died of heart failure, shows the following: mitral valve cusps are deformed, thickened and fused together at the edges: myocardial connective tissue contains diffusely scattered nodules with patches of fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by accumulations of macrophages that resemble multinucleated giant cells. These nodules are surrounded by lymphocytes and single plasma cells. What type of granuloma is it?
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A patient with pollinosis after a travel to the countryside developed edemas of lips and eyelids, lacrimation, nasal discharge and a burning sensation in the eyes. What is the main mechanism of edema development in this case?
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A 57-year-old woman died of acute cardiopulmonary failure. On autopsy the pathologist suspects fat embolism of the pulmonary artery. What stain should be applied to macroslides to confirm this diagnosis?
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A woman came to the ophthalmologist with complaints of deteriorating vision. Examination revealed disturbed process of accommodation of the eye. What anatomical structure is functionally disturbed in this patient?
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A man was hospitalized with a hemorrhage from a knife wound in the carotid triangle. The blood flowing out of the wound is dark. What vessel is damaged?
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A patient simultaneously presents with high levels of conjugated (direct) and unconjugated (indirect) bilirubin in the blood plasma, while stercobilinogen levels in feces and urine are sharply decreased. What type of jaundice does the patient have?
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A patient presents with absence of T-lymphocytes, facial defects, defects of thyroid and parathyroid glands, heart disease. Cellular immune responses do not develop. The patient was diagnosed with DiGeorge syndrome. This syndrome is caused by:
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Ionizing radiation or vitamin E deficiency affects the cell by increasing lysosome membrane permeability. What are the possible consequences of this pathology?
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Condition of a patient with diabetes mellitus sharply deteriorated after a regular injection of insulin. The patient became anxious and broke out in cold sweat; tremor of the extremities, general weakness and dizziness appeared. What drug can remove these symptoms?
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A patient came to the dentist with complaints of pain and redness of oral mucosa and swollen gums. The patient was diagnosed with herpetic gingivostomatitis. This disease is likely to be caused by:
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A 71-year-old man with artherosclerosis developed pain in the left foot. He requested no medical assistance. At the time of examination the foot is enlarged in volume, the tissues are flaccid, black and macerate. Demarcation area is unclear. Make the diagnosis:
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During appointment with the dentist, patients often develop anxiety, fear, and depression. These psychoemotional disturbances can be reduced if secretion of a certain mediator is intensified in the central nervous system. Name this mediator:
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A patient with neurologic disorders was diagnosed with a brain tumor. The tumor was removed surgically. It looks like a dense node attached to the dura matter. Histologically this tumor consists of tightly packed endothelium like cells. Make the diagnosis:
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