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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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A patient with an adenoma in the zone glomerulosa of the adrenal gland (Conn's syndrome) presents with arterial hypertension, convulsive attacks, and polyuria. Name the main link in the pathogenesis of these disorders:
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Energy is necessary for the work of cardiac muscle. What substrate is the main source of energy in the working muscle?
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A patent with edemas has plasma sodium levels of 160 mmol/L. This condition is caused by a change in the levels of a certain hormone. Name this hormone?
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A patient with the chronic pulmonary disease developed restrictive respiratory failure. What is the most likely cause of this development?
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A journalist for a long time was stationed in India. After his return from this country he developed a string like torus on the right leg in subcutaneous tissues of the popliteal area. At the end of this torus a vesicle filled with necrotic masses was formed. What type of helminthiasis can be suspected?
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A patient complains of red color of this urine and tears. According to his medical history, he undergoes treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. What antituberculosis agent can cause this phenomenon?
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In a poorly ventilated and overcrowded room an elderly man has developed increased blood pressure. What is the mechanism of this reaction?
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Histological microslide of a certain endocrine gland shows epithelial bands that consists of chromophile (acidophilic, basophilic) and chromophobe cells. What organ is it?
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A patient came to the dentist with complaints of suppurative inflammation of the gums. What drug will be the most effective if the causative agent is suspected to be anaerobic?
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A 64-year-old woman presents with disturbed fine motor function of her fingers, marked muscle rigidity, and tremor. The neurologist diagnosed her with Parkinson's disease. What brain structures are damaged, resulting in this disease?
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A woman giving birth has an increased pain threshold due to activation of the following system:
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Due to a bullet wound in the left supraclavicular region, the patient developed motor disturbances in the arm. What nerve structures are damaged in this case?
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Autopsy of a patient, who died of bilateral bronchopneumonia, shows in the left lung lower lobe cavity 5cm in diameter, filled with liquid yellowish white substance. What complication of the patient's pneumonia had developed?
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A 38-year-old pregnant woman with a family history of hereditary disorders underwent test for sex chromatin in the cells of amniotic fluid. This test shows that the fetal cells have two sex chromatin bodies (Barr bodies). What disorder are these signs characteristic of?
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Protective function of saliva is based on several mechanisms, including the presence of enzyme that has bactericidal action and causes lysis of complex capsular polysaccharides of staphylococci and streptococci. Name this enzyme:
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Investigation of an outbreak of a hospital acquired infection is being conducted. Pure cultures of Staphylococcus aureus were obtained from patients, healthcare workers, and some objects on the premises. It is necessary to determine whether these Staphylococci are identical to each other and to find the source of the hospital acquired infection. What test must be conducted for this purpose?
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A microslide of the skin sample taken from the finger of a child shows tha epidermis is insufficiently, developed. What germ layer was damaged in the process of embryo development?
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As a result of an abdominal trauma, one of the muscles that form the Superior wall of inguinal canal was damaged. Name this muscle:
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A patient who was in the area of radiation exposure, developed increased concentration of malondialdehyde and hydroperoxide in the blood. Name the likely cause of these changes:
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A 60-year-old patient with diabetes mellitus was found to have ketoacidosis. Biochemically ketoacidosis in diabetes mellitus leads to decreased acetyl-CoA utilization due to deficiency of:
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Histological microslide of the wall of the eyeball shows a structure with no blood vessels. This morphological feature is characteristic of:
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Patients with alcoholism receive the bulk of their calories with alcoholic drinks. They may develop a characteristic thiamine deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) that causes nervous system dysfunctions, psychoses, and memory loss. This process is associated with decreased activity of the following enzyme:
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During practical classes the students were studying a stained smear of mouse blood, where the process o heterophagy occurred. What organelles play the key role in this process?
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A patient presents with high blood aldosterone. What physiologically active substance is the likely cause of this development?
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A person presents with base metabolism that exceeds normal by 8%. It means that the processes of energy metabolism in this person are:
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Due to gamma radiation a segment of DNA chain rotated 180 c. What mutation occurred in the DNA?
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When playing, a child received a hit to the presternum region. As a result of this trauma organ located behind the presternum was damaged. Name this organ
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As the result of a trauma, the semicircular canals in the patient's Inner ear are damaged. This person will be unable to respond adequately to the following stimuli:
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In the pulmonological unit a patient with obstructive bronchitis with spastic component was prescribed a broncholytic agent. Therapeutic effect of this drug is based on stimulation of beta2 adrenergic receptors In the bronchial smooth muscles. Name the drug
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A patient with severe poisoning caused by any unknown substance was brought into the intensive care unit. What drug should be used to induce forced diuresis in the patient?
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A woman has clinical diagnosis of gonorrhea. What type of analysis can be used to confirm the diagnosis?
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A 63-year-old man suffers from esophageal carcinoma resents with metastases into the mediastinal lymph nodes and cancerous cachexia. What pathogenetic stage of neoplastic process is observed in the patient?
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A patient is being prepared for a cardiac surgery. Pressure in the heart chambers was measured. In one of these chambers throughout the cardiac cycle this pressure changes from O to 120 mm Hg. What heart chamber is it?
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A patient with an occipital head injury was brought into the neurosurgical unit. During the surgery the doctor dissected a part of the dura mater that seperates the occipital lobes from the posterior cranial fossa. What anatomical structure was dissected?
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In a traffic accident a man suffered a trauma with massive blood loss. What changes in the peripheral blood are the most likely on the 2nd day after the trauma?
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Autopsy of the patient, who died of diffuse peritonitis shows numerous small oval ulcers located along the intestine in the distal portion of the small intestine. Ulcer floor is clear and smooth, formed by muscular or serous layer. ulcer margins are even and rounded. Two of the ulcers are perforated, with perforations up to 0.5 cm in diameter. What disease can be suspected?
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A microslide shows an organ of cardiovascular system. One of its layers consists of anastomosing fibers. These fibers are made of cells connected by intercalated discs. What organ of cardiovascular system is it?
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Bacteriological analysis of the feces of a 4 month old child with signs of acute enteric infection was conducted. Inoculation in Endo medium resulted in the growth of a large number of red colonies. What microorganisms are the most likely in this case?
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A patient who lives in a specific geochemical territory, was diagnosed with endemic goiter. What type of post-translational modification of thyreoglobulin is disturbed in this patient?
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A 43-year-old woman against the background of septics shock developed thrombocytopenia, her blood fibrinogen levels are low; fibrin degradation products appeared. The patient developed petechial hemorrhages. What is the cause of these changes?
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