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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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The patient’s ECG shows that in the second standard lead from the extremities the P waves are positive, their amplitude is 0.1 mV (norm is 0.05-0.25 mV), duration – 0.1 seconds (norm is 0.07-0.10 seconds). It can be concluded that the following process occurs normally in the cardiac atria:
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Some adults develop signs of dyspepsia after drinking milk. What enzyme deficiency is associated with milk intolerance?
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A young woman, a foreign student from Tehran, has made an appointment with the urologist. She complains of the sensation of heaviness in her lower abdomen and a small amount of blood being excreted with urine at the end of each urination. Microscopy of urine detects the presence of parasite eggs, approximately 140×70 micron in size, with a terminal spike. What diagnosis can be made by the infectious disease specialist?
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Examination of a patient, who for a long time was taking glucocorticoids, detected lymphopenia. How can the functional state of the patient’s immune system be characterized?
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Autopsy of the body of a 1.5-year-old child revealed hemorrhagic skin rashes, moderate hyperemia and edema of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, small hemorrhages in the mucosa and internal organs, markedly dystrophic changes in the liver and myocardium, acute necrotic nephrosis and massive hemorrhages in the adrenal glands. These changes are characteristic of the following disease:
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Immediately after moving from horizontal to vertical position, the heart rate of a 23-year-old man increased by 15 beats per minute, his systolic pressure remained unchanged, while his diastolic pressure increased by 10 mm Hg. What reflex response of the executive structures caused this increase in the diastolic pressure?
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The patient’s ECG was obtained. What element of ECG allows the doctor to assess the spread of atrial depolarization processes?
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A 32-year-old man has tall stature, gynecomastia, female patter of hair distribution, high pitched voice, delayed mental development and sterility. He was provisionally diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. To clarify this diagnosis, it is necessary to analyze the patient’s:
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A patient with myocardial infarction has acute heart failure. Among the drugs that increases the force of heart contractions the least dangerous in this case will be:
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To treat the burns, a patient was prescribed a drug with antiseptic properties that are based on formation of atomic oxygen in the presence of organic substances. This drug has also an astringent(anti-inflammatory) effect due to formation of albuminates. Name this drug:
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A man with caisson disease died with the signs of acute disturbances of cerebral circulation in the basin of a. meningea media in the left-brain hemisphere. Autopsy detected in this area a focus of gray cerebral softening 6x7x3.4 cm in size. What is the character of the process that caused the death of the patient?
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A patient with essential hypertension, who is taking hypothiazide (hydrochlorothiazide) treatment, complains of general weakness, loss of appetite and palpitations. He has muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses and decreased intestinal peristalsis. What can be the cause of this condition?
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Mother of a 2-year-old child made an appointment with the dentist. She complains of teeth destruction in her child. Examination shows that the milk teeth of the child are deformed, carious and have a brown border at their cervices. Medical history of the mother revealed that during her pregnancy she had been taking antibiotics without the doctor’s prescription. What group of antibiotics with the most marked teratogenic effect was likely taken by the mother?
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A patient has disturbed vision in the lateral visual fields of both eyes (bilateral hemianopsia). What nerve structure is affected?
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A 28-year-old woman came to a polyclinic with complaints of a headache. The doctor offered her paracetamol, taking into consideration that the woman has a somatic disease. What concomitant disease made it necessary to prescribe her specifically paracetamol?
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Due to a trauma, the posterior roots of the spinal cord of a 40-year-old man were destroyed. What disorders will be observed in the innervation region of these roots?
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A 16-year-old young man complains of itching between the fingers and on his abdomen that intensifies at night. Examination detects thin gray streaks and fine rash on his skin. What is the most likely causative agent of this disease?
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A 35-year-old woman has a history of 2 strokes. Her biochemical blood analysis shows increased levels of antiphospholipid autoantibodies. Target phospholipids in this case include:
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In case of inflammation, local anesthetic effect of Novocaine decreases in strength. What process in the inflammation focus leads to disturbed hydrolysis of novocaine salt and therefore disturbed release of active anaesthetic base?
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The laboratory has received a sample of a digestive juice for analysis. Its PH is 2.2. Name this digestive juice.
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One of the function of central Inhibition is the selection and reduction of the sensory information influx to the cerebral cortex. What type of inhibition performs this function?
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A woman was diagnosed with peptic ulcer of the stomach. She has a long history of Rheumatoid arthritis. The peptic ulcer in the case is most likely to be caused by the long term us of the.
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A man with chronic constipation was taking daily one tablet of bisacodyl. After a time he had to start taking 2 tablets daily to achieve the same effect. This type of change in the action of the active substances is called:
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The process of collapse progression is associated with nervous system dysfunctions, disturbed pulmonary gas exchange, disturbances in the systems of the blood and hemostasis. These signs of collapse are caused by initial development of the following type of hypoxia
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After partial pancreatic resection the patient developed steatorrhea, which indicates disturbed digestion of fats in the intestine. It is caused by the deficieny of the following enzyme
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A 21-year-old patient complains of the weakness and elevated temperature up to 38-40 c . objectively the liver and spleen are enlarged. In blood : Hb-100 g/L, erythrocytes- 2.9.T/L, leukocytes-4.4.G/L, Platelets- 48.G/L, segmented neutrophils -17%, lymphocytes- 15%, blast cells-68%. All cytochemical reactions of blast cells are negative. What haematological conclusion can be made?
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A 60-year-old man suffered from a spontaneous rib fracture. X-ray shows multiple foci of bilateral costal osteoporosis. Biopsy material obtained from the place of the fracture shows uniform proliferation of Lymphocytic-plasmocytic cells with signs of cellular atypia. Name this disease
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In an experiment after a prolonged electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerve vagus a brief cardiac arrest occurred in the subject. What ion mechanisms in the cardiac cells cause this effect?
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Healthy parents gave birth to a son with phenylketonuria. The child presents with normal development due to a special diet. What type of variability is associated with the convalescence of this child?
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In an experiment a dog was administered a certain hormone, which resulted in increased glomerular filtration due to dilation of the afferent glomerular arteriole and decreased reabsorption of sodium ions and water in the nephron tubules. What hormone was administered?
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A patient has an open facial wound with undermined edges; tissue necrosis with gradually developing partial gangrene that nearly reaches the bone tissue is observed. On close examination the wound contains larvae. The patient is diagnosed with tissue myiasis, what Diptera larvae are the causative agents of this disease?
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A 9 month old baby is on formula feeding. Formula used to feed the baby is imbalanced in B6 vitamin content. The child presents with convulsions that are likely to be caused by disturbed formation of:
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A 25-year-old woman was hospitalized into the gynecological unit. She needs a surgery for removal of an ovarian tumor. During the surgery it is necessary to cut the ligament that connects the ovary to uterus. Name this ligament:
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Human immunodeficiency virus has on its surface antigens gp 41 and gp 120 and interacts with target cells of the body. Specify human lymphocyte antigens, with which viral gp 120 develops complementary bond:
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A sick child with high content of phenyl pyruvate in urine (normally it is practically absent) blood phenylalanine level is 350 mg/L (norm- 15 mg/L). What disease are the symptoms characteristic of:
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Radioactive isotope of phosphorus was introduced into the system of artificial cell culture. What organic substances can accumulate this isotope?
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MAO inhibitors are widely used as psychopharmacological drugs. They change the level of nearly all neurotransmitters in synapses, with the following neurotransmitter being the exception
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During removal of the hyperplastic thyroid gland of a 47-year-old woman, the parathyroid gland was damaged. One month after the surgery the patient developed the sign of hypoparathyroidism, frequent-convulsions, Hyperreflexia, Laryngospasm. What is the most likely cause of the patients condition.
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A 65-year-old woman who had been suffering from deep vein thrombophlebitis of the lower leg, suddenly died when awaiting her appointment with the doctor. Autopsy revealed loose friable red masses with corrugated dull surface in the main pulmonary artery and its bifurcation. What pathologic process was discovered by the pathologist in the pulmonary artery?
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After surgical removal of the thyroid gland, a patient developed numbness in the extremities. Laboratory analysis shows hypocalcemia. What hormonal agent should be prescribed in this case?
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