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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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It has been found experimentally that activation of amino acids and their binding to the tRNA is an important stage of preparation for protein synthesis in the cells. What substance takes part in this process?
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A 2-year-old child presents with marked delay in psychomotor development, vision and hearing deterioration, marked enlargement of the liver and spleen. The child is diagnosed with hereditary Niemann-Pick disease. What genetic defect is the cause of this disease?
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A woman complains that her child is unwell: the child developed loss of appetite, insomnia, and irritability. Biochemical testing shows that there is no glucocerebrosidase enzyme in the child’s blood. It is characteristic of the following pathology:
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Autopsy of the body revealed waxy degeneration of the rectus abdominis muscles. In the terminal segment of the small intestine there are ulcers 3-5 cm in diameter. The ulcer walls are covered in a crumbling grayish-yellow substance. The ulcer edges are moderately raised above the mucosa. Widal test is positive. Make the diagnosis:
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Genealogical analysis of a child with myotonic dystrophy determined that this disease manifests in every generation, is in equal measure present in the relatives of both genders, the risk of inheriting this disease is equal no matter which parent is affected. If one of the parents is heterozygous for this disease and the other parent is healthy, the risk of them giving birth to a sick child is 50%. What type of disease inheritance is it?
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An electronic microphotograph shows a fragment of the proper gastric gland. In the photograph there is a large irregular rounded cell with numerous intracellular canaliculi and mitochondria. Name this type of cell:
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A young woman, a foreign student from Tehran, has made an appointment with the urologist. She complains of the sensation of heaviness in her lower abdomen and a small amount of blood being excreted with urine at the end of each urination. Microscopy of urine detects the presence of parasite eggs, approximately 140x70 micron in size, with a terminal spike. What diagnosis can be made by the infectious disease specialist?
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A woman hospitalized in the surgical department complains of pain in her lower abdomen and in the small of her back, frequent and painful urination. Urine culture test revealed gram-negative oxidase-positive bacilli that formed green mucoid colonies with a specific smell. What causative agent can be suspected?
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The patient’s ECG shows that in the second standard lead from the extremities the P waves are positive, their amplitude is 0.1 mV (norm is 0.05-0.25 mV), duration - 0.1 seconds (norm is 0.07-0.10 seconds). It can be concluded that the following process occurs normally in the cardiac atria:
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To study a normal menstruation cycle, the OB-GYN specialist, taking into account the pyrogenic effect of progesterone, measured the patient’s rectal basal body temperature. At what phase of the cycle will the rectal temperature increase by 0.4-0.5°C?
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A 40-year-old man with pulmonary tuberculosis was prescribed isoniazid. Prolonged taking of this drug can result in the development of the following vitamin deficiency:
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A patient complains of stomachache. Biochemical testing revealed decreased secretory function of the stomach accompanied by anemia. Hypovitaminosis By and development of anemia are caused by the low levels of a certain substance. What substance is it?
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A person was hospitalized with markedly icteric skin, sclerae, and mucosa. Urinalysis shows the presence of direct bilirubin. Patient’s urine is the color of dark beer. Fecal levels of bile pigments are low. What type of jaundice is observed in this patient?
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Various physical and physico-chemical methods are used in research of blood serum proteins. In particular, serum albumins and globulins can be separated using the following method:
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An oncology patient is to undergo a Surgery on the descending colon. Name the main source of the blood supply to this organ:
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A woman gave birth to twins. One of them was provisionally diagnosed with Cri-du-chat syndrome that manifests as underdeveloped laryngeal muscles and "meowing" voice timbre. This syndrome occurs because of chromosome mutation. What method can verify or refute this diagnosis?
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After a celebratory dinner, several people, who were eating a cake with duck egg cream, developed food poisoning. What genus of bacteria is the most likely cause of food poisoning in this case?
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A ballet dancer spins to the left. During the spin, her eyes snap quickly to the left. This fast eye movement is caused by the activation of:
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A patient complains of rapid fatigability and severe muscle weakness. Examination detected an autoimmune disease that disturbs the functionality of the receptors in the neuromuscular synapses. What mediator is likely to be blocked in this case?
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During gastrulation, three germ layers are being formed (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm). Later they develop into tissues and organs. Ectoderm, in particular, develops into:
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A 10-year-old homeless boy was brought to the admission room with a Severe case of bronchitis. Objectively, the child is exhausted; he presents with delayed physical development, dry peeling skin, trophic ulcers in some places, and a loss of twilight vision ("night-blindness"), What vitamin supplements should be prescribed to this boy?
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One of the causes of pernicious anemia is the disturbed synthesis of transcorrin - Castle’s intrinsic factor - in the parietal cells of the stomach. What substance is called Castle’s extrinsic factor?
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A victim of a traffic accident suffered damage to one half of the spinal cord and developed Brown-Sequard syndrome. What causes motor function disturbance on the damaged side below the site of trauma?
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The doctor examines a patient with diabetes mellitus. He needs to check the pulsation of an artery that enters the foot between the tendons of extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus. What artery is it?
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A 42-year-old man with intestinal atony was prescribed proserin, after which he developed signs of bronchospasm. What type of drug action is it?
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A 56-year-old woman with angioneurotic edema was prescribed an H1 blocker with antispasmodic, sedative, and local anesthetic action. Select this H1 blocker from the list:
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A patient with schizophrenia was prescribed a drug to stop. the hallucinations. After a month of taking this drug the hallucinations stopped, but the patient developed signs of drug-induced parkinsonism. What drug was used for treatment in this case?
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A man was hospitalized with a lower limb trauma in the upper third of the shin. He is unable to extend his foot. What 1 was damaged because of this trauma?
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A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with the loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells, and decreasing blood osmolarity. Name this type of water-electrolyte imbalance:
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A patient was hospitalized in a preshock condition. He has a penetrating wound to the chest and coughs constantly. What medicine will have analgesic and antitussive effect in this case?
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A certain type of digestion is disturbed in the patient’s small intestine. This type of digestion occurs on the apical surface of enterocytes and uses the membrane-bound enzymes adsorbed in the glycocalyx. What type of digestion is it?
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During gastric resection the patient received mixed anesthesia with tubocurarine chloride muscle relaxant. To restore unassisted respiration in the patient, the patient was given proserin. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?
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To treat the burns, a patient was prescribed a drug with antiseptic properties that are based on formation of atomic oxygen in the presence of organic substances. This drug has also an astringent (anti-inflammatory) effect due to formation of albuminates. Name this drug:
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A patient is diagnosed with glucocerebroside lipidosis (Gaucher’s disease) that manifests as splenomegaly, liver enlargement, affected bone tissue, and neuropathies. What enzyme of complex lipid catabolism is deficient, causing this disease?
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It is a known fact that in the human body the biosynthesis of purine nucleotides occurs de novo from amino acids. Name the amino acids that are used in the synthesis of the purine nucleotide cycle:
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A 5-year-old kindergartener has diphtheria. To find the carriers of this disease among the kindergarten staff, samples of pharyngeal mucus were obtained from the employees. One of the employees had gram-positive bacilli in her sample. They were situated at an angle to each other and colored unevenly, when stained according to Loeffler. What method can confirm that this carrier is dangerous to the other people?
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A patient with heart failure developed edema. What is the main pathogenetic link of edema development in this case?
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The dentist detected herpetic stomatitis in a patient. What medicine should the patient be prescribed?
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A patient has signs of striatopallidal system damage. These signs are caused by disturbed synthesis of a certain mediator in a certain structure. Name this mediator and its corresponding structure:
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A patient with inherited immunodeficiency underwent gene therapy: the gene of an enzyme was introduced into the patient’s cells using a retrovirus. What characteristic of the genetic code allows using retroviruses as vectors of functional genes?
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