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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 30-year-old woman was using a fluorescent lipstick for a long time. She developed limited erythema and slight peeling on the border of her lips. Later her lips developed small transversal grooves and fissures.Specialized microscopy technique detected sensitized lymphocytes and macrophages and signs of cytolysis in the connective tissue of the affected area.What Type of immunological hypersensitivity developed in the patients lips?
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A patient who had severe infection disease that affect CNS functioning, has instable body temperature that within 24hours reaches different values( above and below the norm) each 2hrs. Such fluctuations in body temperature can be caused by;
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A patient with arterial hypertension and signs of angina pectoris was prescribed an antianginal drug that is a calcium antagonist. Name this drug
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During gastric resection the patient received mixed anesthesia with tubocurarine chloride muscle relaxants.To restore unassisted respiration in the patient, the patient was given proserin. What pharmacological group does this drug belong to?
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A 33-year-old man was diagnosed with gastric perforation and peritonitis, which resulted in "board-like" muscle rigidity of the anterior abdominal wall. What reflex causes this sign?
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Genealogical analysis of a child with myotonic dystrophy determined that this disease manifests in every generation, is in equal measure present in the relatives of both genders, the risk of inheriting this disease is equal no matter which parent is affected. If one of the parents is heterozygous for this disease and the other parent is healthy, the of them giving birth to a sick child is 50%. What type of disease inheritance is it?
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A laboratory rat with chronic kidney failure has osteoporosis, pathologic calcification of the internal organs, and arterial hypertension. These disturbances are associated with the increased activity of the following hormone:
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A person developed increased pulmonary ventilation due to physical exertion. What indicator of external respiration will he significantly increased compared to the resting state?
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12 days after a recovery from tonsillitis, a child developed lumbar pain. Slight edema, and urinary syndrome. Renal biopsy was performed. Microscopy shows intercapillary proliferative inflammation. While electronic microscopy detects large subepithelial electron-dense deposits resembling "humps". What renal disease developed in the child?
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A patient is diagnosed with an acute necrotizing pancreatitis. What peritoneal cavity will be immediately exposed to exudate ?
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A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd day after the disease onset The patient is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. What results of laboratory analysis can confirm this diagnosis immediately on the day of the hospitalization?
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A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with Bruton's discuso (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) that manifests itself in severe clinical course of bacterial infections and absence of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. What changes of immunoglobulin content can be observed in blood serum of the child with immunodeficiency?
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Pressure in a pressure chamber was lowered to 400 mm Hg. How will external respiration change in a person sitting in this chamber?
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Enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) catalyzes the reaction of cholesterol cther synthesis It occurs when fatty acid residue transfers from the C-2 position of choline phosphatide (lecithin) to cholesterol. With what fatty acid does cholesterol produce others?
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Mother of a 12-year-old child came to a gastrocnterologist, complaining, o loss of appetite and meteorism in her child. Endoscopy shows biliary dyskinesia. nere are pear-shaped protozoa with two nuclei and multiple flagella in the duodenal content. What disease is the most likely in this case?
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Autopsy of the body of a 67-year-old man shows acutely swollen and dull rectosigmoid mucosa in his large intestine. The mucosa there has multiple erosions and ulcers ,as well as single polys. Histologically, the mucosa has acute infiltrations consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophilic granulocytes and eosinophils, which are located mainly in the lumina of the crypts (crypt abscesses). The intestinal wall is sclerotic and there are proliferations of granulation tissue that form polyps. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Autopsy of the body of a 56-year-old man detected several ulcer from 4 to 5 cm in size in the terminal portion of small intestine. There are numerous oval structure upto 5cm in their longest part with the surface that resemble the cerebral cortex. ulcer marigns are rised above the mucosa. While ulcer walls are covered in the gray yellow crumbling masses. Widal test is test. Make the diagnosis ;
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A woman presents with weight loss, exophthalmos tachycardia, negative nitrogen balance, high blood glucose and high blood levels of free fatty acids. What dysfunction can be characterived by such changes
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Regional lymph nodes surrounding an infected wound are enlarged. Histological examination shows increased number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and lymphatic follicles in the cortical layer of the lymph nodes, as well as a large amount of plasma cells. What process in the lymph nodes is indicated by these histological changes?
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A patient has a skin inflammation in the first interdigital space of the foot. What regional lymph nodes will be swollen and painful in this case?
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When a skeleton muscle cell was exposed to electric current, its membrane depolarized. What ions pass through the membrane, playing the main role in its depolarization?
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One of the causes of pernicious anemia is the disturbed synthesis of transcorrin castle's intrinsic factor in the parietal cells of the stomach. What substance is called castle extrinsic factor ?
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A child is idiosyncratic to a certain medicinal substance, which is caused by:
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A laboratory received a sample of patients sputum. It is necessary to perform bacteriological tests for tuberculosis. What technique should the medical laboratory scientist use to stain the preparation for the detection of mycobacteria
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A patient has developed status epilepticu. What medicine should be used in this was to stop the site?
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Several months after giving birth, a woman became inert, her teeth and hair started falling out and she started losing weight. Her blood pressure, body temperature, and blood glucose are low. Examination shows low blood levels of growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone. What functional disturbance of pituitary gland is observed in the patient?
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A patient with marked pneumosclerosis after recovery from infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis insufficiency. What patogenetic type of respiratory insufficiency is it?
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A 16-year-old girl has no hair on the pubis and in the armpits, her mammary glands are underdeveloped no menstruations. This condition can be caused by the following hormone imbalance
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After a prolonged protein-free dicta student developed edema. Her condition indicates a decrease in the following blood protein fractions
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A 2-year-old boy without immunization against measles wa in a contact with measles patient. The doctor prescribed this child an immunoglobulin. What type of immunity forms after administration of immunoglobulin ?
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Bacteriological study of feces inoculated on Endo medium results in the growth of red colonies with a metallic shine. They were agglutinated on a glass slide, using a polyvalent serum against OK types of bacterial strains. How to determine the pathogenic variant of colibacillus?
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A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed ORS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial contractions are approximately 70/min., ventricular contractions - 25-30/min. Name the type of arrhythmia in this case:
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What component of a human diet cannot be digested in the gastrointestinal tract, but nevertheless is a necessary part of nutrition?
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Section shows that significant enlargement of the patient's right kidney. There is a nephrolith at the place of inclusion. Renal pelvic lumen distended with accumulating urine. Renal parenchyma in substantial thinned out. What is the most correct diagnosis ?
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A patient presents with acute attack of cholelithiasis. Laboratory examination of the patient's feces will show the following in this case:
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Myocardial histology shows a large areas where there are no nuclei in cardiomyocytes and their cytoplasm is pink and homogeneous. On the peripheral of this lesion there are dilated, acutely plethoric vessels are marked infiltration with segmented leukocytes. This histological presentation indicates
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A 12-year-old child has a relave short stature with disproportionate built and mental retardation. What hormone or hormones can cause this condition, if underproduced?
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A 25-year-old woman complains of a rash on her torso. The doctor suspects secondary syphilis. What diagnostic method should be used to confirm this diagnosis?
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A 30-year-old man has acute pancreatitis with disturbed extracellular digestion of protcins This disturbance can be causcd by insufficicnt synthesis and production of the following hy the pancrcas:
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A test animal receives Epectrical signal with sympathetic stimulation. What reaction will it cause in the blood vessels ?
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