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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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An electronic microphotograph of the biopsy material shows structures containing surfactant, type I alveolocytes, basement membrane, and fenestrated capillary endothelium. What histogematic barrier of the human body has such structures?
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Utilization of arachidonic acid along the cyclooxygenase pathway produces bioactive substances Name them
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During cytostatic chemotherapy, blood test of a patient with bladder cancer shows the following: leukocytes - 0.8 - 10°/L, granulocytes - 0.6. 10/L. What is observed in the patient's white blood cells?
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The patient's ECG shows that in the second standard lead from the extremities the P waves are positive, their amplitude is 0.1 mV (norm is 0.05-0.25 mV), duration 0.1 seconds (norm is 0.07-0.10 seconds) It can be concluded that the following process occurs normally in the cardiac atria:
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Autopsy of the body revealed a large wedge shaped patch on dense dark red tissue with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological examination detected there necrosis of the alveolar walls; the alveolar lumens is tightly packed with erythrocytes. What process occured in the lungs ?
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T lymphocytes are affected by HIV in the process, viral enzyme reverse transcriptase ( RNA dependent DNA polymerase ) catalyses the synthesis of
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A patient suffers from hydrocele testis. What testicular structure is affected, causing this pathology?
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A patient developed a purulent inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues. The process caused by the activation of microorganisms inherent inthe body, which are a part of oral mucosa microflora. What type of infection is it.
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An electronic microphotograph of the myocardium shows appendaged cells with few organelles. These cells have secretory granules and well-developed endoplasmic reticulum. Name these cells:
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In an experiment a vagus nerve was irritated, which stimulated acetylcholine release into the synaptic cleft. As a result. the heart rate slowed down. Name the mechanism of a heart rate decrease is this case:
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Histological slides of spleen and lymph node show enlargement of lymphoid tissue, which can indicate activation of immune responses. Where in these organs can be found a zone of antigen-independent proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes (B zone)
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Examination shows that the patients apical beat is displaced 3.5cm to the left from the left midclavicular line. What heart chambers are likely to be hypertrophic in this case?
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Respiratory quotient was measured in a paticnt, who for 10 days was keeping to a strict diet. The paticent's respiratory quotient was 1.0. What kind of diet was it?
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A tired driver took a rest in the car with its engine running.as a result,he developed carbon monoxide poisoning.what compound formed in his blood leading to severe consequences?
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A 70-year-old man died of general emaciation. Autopsy shows yellow brown shruken heart and liver.Microscopy detects small brown ligament granules in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes near the nuclei. What pigment it is?
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A 45-year-old man with a past case left-sided croupous pneumonia died multiple trauma in a traffic accident autopsy shows that the posteriolateral wall of the lower left pulmonary lobe fused to the chest wall with librous mmissures. The lobe is shrunken, dense, pink-gray. It has meat-like appearance on of histology shows diffuse proliferation fibrous connective tissue in these area. What complication croupous pneumonia is it?
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A histological specimen demonstrates a vessel with the wall that consists of endothelium, basement membrane, and loose connective tissue. What type of vessel is it?
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Biopsy material obtained from thickened nasal mucosa of a 29-year-old woman who has problems with nasal bleeding,contains clusters of lymphocytes, plasma cells,and epithelioid cells,among Wchich there are numerous round hyaline inclusions(Russel bodies)and large macrophages with pale cytoplasm (Mikulicz cells). What type of inflammation developed in the patient's nasal mucosa?
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A 20-year-old man periodically develops weakness and icteric selerae and skin. He was diagnosed with Minkowski Chauffard discase. What haematological status is the most characteristic of this disease?
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A 45-year-old man who for a long time was keeping to a plant-based diet, has a negative nitrogen balance. What problem with the diet caused this condition in the patient?
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In an experiment a neuromuscular frog preparation was used to study single contractions of a muscle in response to electrostimulation of the nerve. How will muscle contractions change, after the muscle is processed with a curare-like substance?
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A patient was prescribed atropine sulfate for relief of intestinal colic. What condition can be a CONTRAINDICATION for the prescription of this drug?
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A lab rat has subcutaneously received mercury(II) chloride in the amount of S mykg: 24 hours later the plasma creatinine concentration increased several times. What mechanism of retention azotemia is observed in this case?
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Antibiotic treatment of a 6-year-old child resulted in hepatitis, photodermatitis, and disturbed development of the child's teeth and bones. What group of antibiotics has such side effects?
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A patient who lived in a southern coastal city, developed marked vomiting and diarrhea and died of dehydration.Autopsy of the body shows acute gastroenteritis with serous-desqamative inflammation in the small intestine.what is the most likely diagnosis?
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A patient with pale skin, low body temperature, weak and shallow pulse and low blood pressure was brought to admission room. These signs are characteristics of acute morphine poisoning. What drug should be administered first in this case?
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A nurse was making an intramuscular injection into the posterior surface of the patient's shoulder. Suddenly the patient felt a severe pain in her shoulder muscles which spread to the posterior surface of the forearm. What nerve was damaged during the injection?
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A cell with vitamin E deficiency was exposed to ionising radiation. It resulted in intensified relase of Hydrolytic enzymes into the cytoplasm and a complete destruction of intercellular structure autolysis. What organelles caused this phenomenon
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A 55-year-old man was prescribed an antituberculosis agent as a part of his complex therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. Which of the listed drugs has antibacterial activity only towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
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In an acute test, a narcotized dog received vasopressin, which resulted in decreased urine output, because this substance:
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A 65-year-old women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was prescribed glibenclamide to be taken orally. What is the mechanism of its hypoglycemic action ?
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A 45-year-old woman has breast cancer. Metastases can spread in this case to the following regional lymph nodes:
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A woman complains of itching and burning in her external genitalia and purulent frothy discharge from them. Discharge sample contain unicellular pear-shaped organisms with flagella undulating membrane,and a spike on one end of their bodies. What species do they belong to?
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In the structure of prokaryotic DNA operons there is a fragment to which RNA polymerase attaches at the stage of transcription initiation Name this fragment:
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A surgeon perform primary surgical treatment of a deep incised wound on the lateral surface of the knee joint. What ligament needs to be sutured in this case?
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Autopsy of the body of a 62-year-old man shows a supravalvular aortic rupture with cardiac tamponade. Histology of the ascending aorta detected infiltrations of lymphoid, plasma, and epithelioid cells in its tunica externa and tunica media, while there are necrotic foci in the tunica media, and proliferation of adventitial cells, endotheliocytes, and vessels in the tunica externa. Such changes in the aorta are characteristic of:
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A dental student was hospitalized on day3 after the onset of the discase. He was provisionally diagnosed with typhoid fever. What method of laboratory diagnostics allows making a microbiological diagnosis?
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A 1.5-year-old child was diagnosed with immunodeficiency B lymphocyte count is normal, but they are functionally inactive. What immune defense factor is absent in the child's oral cavity?
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Autopsy of the body of a woman, who suffered from purulent cholecystitis and died of sepsis, revealed 100mL of turbid green-yellow fluid inthe gallbladder. The gallbladder walls are flaccid, thinned out,dull,and pleothoric. Histologically there are hyperemia and diffuse neutrophilic infiltration of the gallbladder wall. What type of inflammation is observed in the patient’s gallbladder?
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A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with the loss of water in the extracellular space, inereased water content in the cells, and decreasing blood osmolarity. Name this type of water-electrolyte imbalance:
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