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KROK 1 Medicine 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 20-year-old female comes to the clinic after missing her last 2 periods. Her cycles are usually regular, occurring at 28-30 day interval with moderate bleeding and some abdominal discomfort. She also complains of progressively diminishing peripheral vision. Her doctor reveals loss of vision in the lateral halves of both eyes. Involvement of which of the following structures would you most likely expect to be the reason of bitemporal hemianopsia?
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A 24-year-old man undergoes surgery and during the operation, an organ is excised and sent for histological evaluation. A light microscopic examination reveals the organ encased by thin connective tissue capsule that enters the substance of the lobes to further subdivide the organ into irregular lobular units. Each lobule contains a cluster of follicles filled with colloid. Follicular epithelium consists of low columnar, cuboidal or squamous cells depending on the level of activity of the follicle. Which of the following organs does this tissue most likely belong to?
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A 37-year-old man is admitted to hospital with mental confusion and disorientation. His wife reports he became more irritable and forgetful in the past year. In addition, she notes that he became a vegan a year ago, and currently, his diet consists of starchy foods like potatoes, corn, and leafy vegetables. GI symptoms include anorexia, diarrhea and vomiting. He has glossitis and skin lesions that appear as vesicles over the extremities. Eczema-like lesions around the mouth, as well as desquamation and roughened skin over the hands are also present. Neurologic examination reveals symmetrical hypesthesia for all types of sensation in both upper and lower extremities in a "gloves and socks" distribution. Deficiency in diet of which of the following amino acids is the most likely cause of this condition?
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A 37-year-old female presents to the clinic complaining of severe pain in her left wrist and tingling sensation in her left thumb, index finger, and middle finger, and some part of her ring finger. The pain started as an occasional throb and she could ignore it or take ibuprofen but now the pain is much worse and wakes her up at night. She works as a typist and her pain mostly increases after typing all day. Her right wrist and fingers are fine. Nerve conduction studies reveal nerve compression. Which of the following nerves is most likely compressed in this patient?
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A 68-year-old man comes to his physician with complaints of severe fatigue and altered sensations in his extremities. Past medical history is remarkable for chronic gastritis. He drinks alcohol almost every day. His blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, heart rate is 95/min., respiratory rate - 14/min, and temperature of 37.1°C. His heart has a regular rate and rhythm, his lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Neurologic examination reveals loss of touch and vibration sense in both upper and lower limbs. Laboratory investigation results include a hemoglobin of 80 g/L, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) of 115 fL (the reference range is 80-100 fL) and White Blood Cells (WBC) of 3.0 × 109/L. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
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A 34-year-old man visits his dentist complaining of toothache. After a dental procedure that involved extraction of several teeth, he develops severe bleeding lasting more than 15 minutes. He has a history of chronic hepatitis C. Which of the following is the most likely cause of prolonged bleeding in this patient?
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A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department complaining of bloody diarrhea, fatigue and confusion. A few days earlier, she went to a fast food restaurant for a birthday party. Her friends are experiencing similar symptoms. Laboratory studies show anemia. Which of the following would you most likely obtain for microbiologic testing?
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An 18-year-old girl comes to her physician with concern about her health because she has not achieved menarche. She denies any significant weight loss, changes in mood, or changes in her appetite. She mentions that her mother told her about mild birth defects, but she cannot recall the specifics. Past medical history and family history are benign. On physical examination, the patient is short in stature, has a short and webbed neck and wide chest. Staining of buccal smear reveals absence of Barr bodies in the nucleus of epithelial cells. A urine pregnancy test is negative. Which of the following genetic disorders is the most likely cause of this patient’s condition?
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During examination a man was diagnosed with acute radiation sickness.Laboratory test detected an acute decrease in his platelet serotonin levels. It is likely to be caused by disturbed metabolism of a certain substance. Name this substance?
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A 67-year-old woman has gastric cancer with metastases in the liver. What characteristic of tumor cells gives them the ability to metastases ?
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A patient with an infectious disease is sensitized to benzylpencillin. What antibiotics will be the safest for this patient?
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Pathogenic bacteria can actively Penetrate into the internal environment ot the body and intensively spread through the tissues.What enzyme gives bacteria their invasive properties?
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A 9-year-old boy, who undergoes treatment in the inpatient department, has high blood pressure and problems with kidneys. This condition is caused high levels of a certain bioactive peptide. Name this peptide
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A child has a hereditary skin condition-no sweat. Glands (anhidrosis)-which impairs important skin functions-perspiration and thermoregulation.This condition results from maldevelopment of the following structure during embryogeneous?
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Blood test of the patient revealed albumin content of 20 g/L and increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 5 (LDH5) . These results indicate disorder of the following organ:
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Histological slide of the biopsy material obtained from epidermis of a healthy adult. What process occurs due to these cells ?
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A patient was hospitalized with provisional diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. What enzyme will have a markedly increased activity in the patient's blood and urine in this case?
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To treat the burns. a patient was prescribed a drug with antiseptic properties that are based on formation of atomic oxygen in the presence of organic substances. This drug has also an astringent (anti-inflammatory) effect due to formation of albuminates. Name this drug
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A test animal was given a cytochrome oxidase blocker, which resulted in its instant death. What potassium compound can cause it?
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A 25-year-old woman complains of deteriorating vision. Examination revealed defect in acconmmodation, the pupil is dilated and unreponsive to light. What muscles are functionally disturbed in this case ?
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A dental patient complains of a painful burning sensation in his tongue and general weakness. Complete blood count shows that the patient has megaloblastic hyperchromic anemia. What drug should be prescribed in this case?
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A 65-year-old women who had been suffering from vein thrombhophlebitis of the lower leg, suddenly died when awaiting her appointment with the doctor. Autopsy revealed that loose friable red masses with the corrugated dull surface in the main pulmonary artery and its bifurcation. What pathological process was discovered by the pathologist in the pulmonary artery ?
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A patient with heart failure was taking intermediate-acting cardiac Glycoside digoxin in tablets for a long time. It resulted in 4 loss of vision acuity and occasional bouts of nausea. What characteristic of this drug can cause sach complications?
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When examining a biopsy material obtained from thyroid gland the pathologist discovered lymphatic infiltration of the thyroid tissue and the destruction parenchymal elements. Diffuse lymphocytes infiltration with lymphoid follicles was detected in the stroma. What is the most likely diagnosis ?
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Inhibiting effect of GABA is based on increased permeability of posterior membrane to chloride ions. This forms in the result of decarboxylation of:
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Histological specimen shows parenchyma of an organ that consists of lymphoid tissue that forms lymph nodules the nodules are located diffusely and have a central artery. What anatomical structure has such morphological characteristics?
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A child developed high fever, punctulated rash,and conjunctivitis. The child died of superimposed pnemonia.pulmonary histology shows endo meso and panbronchitis with giant cell pnemonia. Such changes are characteristic of:
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Detailed examination of the karyotype of a person with Down syndrome detects two populations of somatic cells-normal cells and cells with trisomy 21. Name this genetic phenomenon;
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A patient complains of skin itching, especially between the fingers, in the armpits, and on the lower abdomen. Examination revealed small vesicles on the affected areas. Laboratory diagnostics determined that this condition is caused by a certain Arthropoda species. Name this disease:
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A person took a blocker drug, which resulted in an increased heart rate. When this peson's eyballs were pressed, the expected rellex induced dccrease in the heart rate did not occur What exactly was blocked by this drug in the pacemaker cells?
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24 hours after an exam the student's blood test shows leukocytosis without significant changes in the leukogram. What mechanism of leukocytosis development is the most likely in the peripheral blood in this case?
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A tumor was removed from extraperitoneal fat of a 75-year-old man The tumor is 16.0x8.0x65 cm in size Microscopically, there are anaplastic cells with marked signs of atypia. polymorphism, and mitotic activity. In some areas there are large deformed cells with sudanophilic vacuoles in their cytoplasm. What is the most likely
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A 60-year-old man came to the doctor complaining of chest pain. In his blood serum there is a significant increase of enzyme activity, namely of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine phosphokinase, and its CPK MB isoenzyme. These changes indicate a pathological process that occurs in the :
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A patient with chronic glomerula nephritis has dem Kood pressure of 210/100 mm Hg Seart rate or s/min and expanded burder of the heart. What is the main mechanism of arterial hypertension development
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A patient used an indirect-acting adrenergic agonist to treat rhinitis. After the patient has been putting in the nose drops for several days, the vasoconstrictive effect of the drug gradually diminished, Name this phenomenon:
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24hours after an appendectomy the patients blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift .what is the most likely mechanism of absolute leukocytosis development in the patients peripheral blood?
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A patient has plasma glucose levels of 15mmol/L, polyuria, thirst. What hormone levels are low in the patient's blood causing such changes?
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It is known that not all sensory signals are consciously registered by a person. This way brain separates important information from less important information. What part of the brain plays the main role in this process?
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A 40-year-old man with pulmonary tuberculosis was prescribed isoniazid. Prolonged taking of this drug can result in the development of the following vitamin deficiency:
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A 25-year-old woman, who gave birth one month ago, complains of decreased lactation. What hormone is deficient in this case, causing this condition?
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