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KROK 1 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A man presents with decreased vasopressin synthesis, which causes polyuria and results in marked dehydration. What is the most likely polyuria mechanism in this case?
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A man is a carrier of AIDS virus that is an RNA virus. The cells of this patient synthesize viral DNA. This process is based on:
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Blood plasma of a healthy person contains several dozens of protein types. If a person becomes ill, new types of proteins develop in the body. Among them there are acute phase proteins. Name one such protein:
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EBV virus IgM antibodies was foung what infection was it
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A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd day after the disease onset. The patient is suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. What results of laboratory analysis can confirm this diagnosis immediately on the day of the hospitalization?
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Examination shows that leukocyte count in the patient's blood is 11 × 109/L, with 80% neutrophils, among which 9% are band neutrophils. Characterize the changes in the cell composition of white blood in this case:
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A man with tetanus developed acute respiratory failure. What type of respiratory failure develops in such cases?
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During analysis a medical laboratory scientist has additionally noted that the blood sample was obtained from a woman. What blood corpuscles have the structural characteristics that allow making such a conclusion?
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A person has retained gustatory sensations, but overall sensitivity of the oral structures is lost, which indicates a damage to the:
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X-ray has detected multiple foci of osteoporosis and osteolysis in the flat bones of a man. Trephine biopsy material contains high levels of neoplastic plasma cells. Make the diagnosis:
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When the radiation affects immunoglobulin synthesis immunity, what kind of infection develops?
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A man with acute thinitis has dry and hyperemic nasal mucosa. What cells of superficial mucosal epithelium normally provide its moisturizing?
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The cell surface of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria can be covered in villi and cilia. What function do these structures have?
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During patient examination, the doctor conducts auscultation to assess the functioning of the mitral valve. Where can the tones of this valve be auscultated?
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What type of disease inheritance results in men being affected by hemophilia, while women are the carriers of this disease?
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In an experiment, electrical stimulation of neurons in the brain of a test animal resulted in hypophagia (refusal to eat). Electrodes were applied to the following area of the brain in this case:
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After an X-ray examination of the tuberculosis clinic patient, he was diagnosed with tumor of the right lung. During the surgery, the surgeon removed the middle lobe of the patient's right lung. This lobe includes:
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A patient used an indirect-acting adrenergic agonist to treat thinitis. After the patient has been putting in the nose drops or several days, the vasoconstrictive effect of the drug gradually diminished. Name this phenomenon:
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A patient with essential hypertension was prescribed hydrochlorothiazide as a part of complex therapy. What mechanism of drug action facilitates a decrease in blood pressure in this case?
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A man presents with osteoporosis. There are hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia in his blood. What is the cause of his condition?
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A woman with ischemic heart disease was prescribed amiodarone. This medicine has antianginal effect. What other effect does it have?
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A man has undergone a surgery for the removal of one third of his large intestine that was involved in a pathological process. How will water absorption change in this case, if water intake of this man remains as usual?
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During an outbreak of a hospital-acquired infection, pure cultures of S.aurcus were obtained upon inoculation from the nasopharynxes of medical personnel and wound discharge of surgical patients. What analysis must be conducted to find the likely source of infection in this case?
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A woman with enteritis accompanied by severe diarrhea presents with loss of water in the extracellular space, increased water content in the cells, and decreased blood osmolarity. Name this type of water electrolyte imbalance:
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ECG of the patient shows increased duration of the QRS complex. What is the most likely cause?
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A child has been diagnosed with agammaglobulinemia. This genetic disease disrupts the antibody synthesis, leading to:
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Feces of a child with an acute intestinal infection were inoculated onto Endo medium, which resulted in growth of numerous raspberry-red colonies with a metallic sheen. It indicates that the colibacillus is the kely causative agent of the disease. What properly of the causative agent was used to distinguish it from other intestinal bacteria?
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A man has been hospitalized with a suspected prostate tumor. During the surgery it was found that the tumor has penetrated into the urinary bladder. What part of the bladder was affected?
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Synovial fluid is known to reduce the friction between articular surfaces. In rheumatism or arthritis, its viscosity decreases because of depolymerization (destruction) of the following substance:
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Lung pathologies stimulate adaptive changes in the human body to ensure better oxygen supply to the tissues. One of these adaptive changes is the increased synthesis of the following in the erythrocytes:
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A 50-year-old man has undergone a surgery for gastric cancer. Complex anesthesia included dithylin (suxamethonium iodide). After the surgery was over, dithylin effect continued. Why is proscrine (neostigmine) contraindicated in case of dithylin overdose?
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A child with mushroom (fly agaric) poisoning was brought into a toxicology department. What drug should be administered first as a part of emergency aid?
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A new born had seizure that stoped after vitamin B6 was prescribed. This effect was most likey observed, because vitamin B, takes part in formation of:
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An older man developed an acute cerebrovascular accident, followed by coma and death. Autopsy revealed a large blood-filled cavity in the right hemisphere of his brain. What pathological process was detected in the brain?
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A man had a case of cpidemic typhus 5 years ago. After an acute respiratory viral disease, against the background of weakened immune system, he developed signs of typhus again. The exacerbation occurred because of the causative agents, remaining in his body. What type of infection is it?
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After putting in eye drops, a man with glaucoma developed miosis and myopia. His intraocular pressure decreased. What drugs can have such effect?
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A woman with chronic hepatitis complains of increased sensitivity to barbiturates that previously she could take without any signs of intoxication. Her condition is mainly associated with disturbance of the following hepatic function:
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A urology department has received a 48-year-old man with signs of renal colic. What medicine will be the most advisable in his condition?
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A person has been bitten by a snake, which led to asphyxia and hemoglobin in urine. Erythrocyte hemolysis occurs in blood. Toxic snake venom causes;
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A man complains of itching skin between the fingers of his right hand. He was diagnosed with scabies. Name the preventive measures against this disease:
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