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KROK 1 Medicine 2022 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2022 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. In this case, the production of a certain bioactive substance will decrease. Name this arterial hypertension was substance:
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Examination of a patient in a clinical diagnostic laboratory detected that the activity of the LDHi, isoenzyme is high in the patient's blood serum. Such clinical and laboratory findings are characteristic of the pathology of the following internal organ:
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A polyneuropathy vitamin B1. Name the coenzyme form patient diagnosed with was prescribed of this vitamin:
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A 5-year-old child became acutely ill and developed fever, intoxication, and hemorrhagic skin rash. The child died of acute adrenal insufficiency. Autopsy changes caused by the severity of DIC syndrome and endotoxic shock. On the skin, there are necrotic foci, diapedetic revealed morphological hemorrhages, and fibrin thrombi in the dermal vessels. The adrenal glands have nussive hemorrhages. What disease can be characterized by these changes?
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A man with a kidney transplant was receiving Immunosuppressive therapy, He died of intoxication. Morphological examination detects giant cells with large nuclei and a light border, resembling an owl's eye, in the patient's lungs, kidney, and pancreas. What Infectious disease characterized by these changes?
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A 44-year-old man developed a sharp drop in blood pressure before his death. Autopsy of the body shows an aortic arch aneurysm up to 10 cm in diameter. The aortic Intima in its ascending part and in the arch looks wrinkled and is exfoliated; between the intima and the aortic media there are blood clots. In the aortic media, microscopy detects large foci of infiltration with lymphoid, plasma, and epithelioid cells, destruction of elastic fibers, proliferation of connective tissue, and vasculitis vasa vasorum. What disease can be characterized by these changes?
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Only one of these statements about the extraordinary excitation occurring in the ventricular myocardium correct. Name the correct statement:
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Autopsy of the fetus revealed an epidural hematoma caused by the rupture of the falciform sinus and cerebellar tentorium. Such injury can result from a pathology occurring during the following developmental stage:
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A patient with Influenza has fever, dyspnea, and tachycardia. How will the oxygen affinity of Hb change under such conditions?
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A patient died of chronic renal failure. The patient's pericardial leaflets are dull-colored and have gray and thin filamentous coating. What pathological process occurred in the pericardium?
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A patient diagnosed with inoperable lung cancer complains of unbearable pain. The doctor has prescribed him a painkiller. Against the background of taking this drug, the patient developed signs of intestinal obstruction. What painkiller could have caused this complication?
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Histology of an eyeball wall microslide shows structure consisting of a chain of three neurons. The bodies of these neurons form an outer layer, an inner nuclear layer, and a ganglion layer. What structure of the eye has such a morphology?
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In an experiment, a neuromuscular preparation of frog was treated with a curare-like substance. As a result, muscle contractions in response to stimulation electrical nerve disappeared. What function of the muscle cell membrane is disrupted by curare-like drugs?
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Histology of the thyroid gland, removed during a surgery revealed destruction and atrophy of follicles and diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with formation of lymphoid follicles in the stroma. What type of thyroiditis can be characterized by these histological changes?
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A patient diagnosed with rheumatic myocarditis periodically experiences irregular pulse. The ECG reveals irregular occurrence of idioventricular extrasystoles. What mechanism pathogenetic causes compensatory pause in this case?
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A 50-year-old man diagnosed with chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis developed renal failure. What changes tn his laboratory findings indicate impaired renal concentrating ability?
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A 16-year-old boy came to a doctor complaining of itching between his fingers and on the abdomen, which intensifies at night. Examination of the skin revealed thin gray streaks and a fine rash. Name the causative agent of this disease:
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A patient diagnosed with chronic tuberculosis was prescribed a complex therapy. Medicine must be prescribed to the patient?
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Histology of the neck of the proper gastric gland reveals small cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and mitotic figures. What is the function of these cells?
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A 22-year-old patient diagnosed with acute diphtheritic myocarditis developed clinical signs of cardiogenic shock. What is the leading pathogenetic in the mechanism development of this type of shock?
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A patient with endocarditis presents with a pathology of the valvular apparatus of the inner lining of the heart. What tissues form the heart valves?
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A patient complains of mcreased diuresis (up to 5-7 liters of urine per 24 hours), Laboratory studies detect reduced vasopressin secretion. What cells have insufficient secretory activity in this case?
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A patient with heavy metal salt poisoning was hospitalized into the intensive care unit. What antidote should be given to the patient in this case?
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A man has gradually developed a plaque on the skin of his face with necrosis and an ulcer in its center. Patho histology of the biopsy material reveals proliferation of atypical epithelial cells with a large number of pathological mises. What disease can be characterised by these clinical and laboratory findings?
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After 10 days of treatment with an antibiotic, a patient developed gastric dyspepsia, candidiasis, jaundice, and photosensitization, which indicates that this antibiotic belongs to the following group:
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A woman diagnosed with bronchial asthma has been undergoing a glucocorticoid treatment for a long time. After an abrupt cessation of the treatment, her condition deteriorated, which manifested as a drop in blood pressure and recurrence of asthma attacks. What pathological condition can be characterised by these signs ?
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A man was taking large doses of sulfonamides for long time. a. Recently, he has developed significant dyspnea at rest, weakness, loss of and disturbed poojq methemoglobin in his blood. What of appetite, Laboratory sleep. detects test mechanism inactivation observed in this patient? hemoglobin in erythrocytes is
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In the lungs, carbonic acid (H2C03) is broken down by an enzyme into water and carbon dioxide that is removed with air. What enzyme catalyzes this reaction?
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What part of the nervous system increases its activity under the influence of thyroid hormones?
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A patient with hereditary hyperammonemta, caused by disturbed ornithine cycle, developed secondary orotaciduria. What metabolite of the ornithine cycle has high levels in this case, causing the increased synthesis of orotic acid?
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Cellular cytoplasm has high levels of amino acyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme. What processes in the cell is provided by this enzyme?
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When installing an intrauterine contraceptive, the doctor violated the rules of asepsis, and the uterine cavity was contaminated with an infection. What uterine membrane will most likely become inflamed in this woman?
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When testing donors at a blood transfirsion station, antibodies to of human immunodeficiency urus were detected in the serum of one of the donors. What method is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of HIV infection?
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Autopsy of the body of a 40-year-old man revealed enlarged group follicles in the small intestine. Their surface has furrows and convolutions, arranged in a pattern similar to that of a brain cortex. The follicles protrude from under the intestinal mucosa and are gray-red on section. Microscopy shows proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes, reticular cells, clusters of macrophages that form granulomas, displaced infectious disease can be characterized lymphocytes. What by these changes?
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After a tibial fracture, the patient presents with excessive bone tissue production (exocytosis). What type of regeneration is observed in this case?
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After bacteria enters the body, the stage of immune response first formation occurs. What is the role of macrophages in this process?
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Researchers that study physiology of the heart has determined that excessive atrial distension causes a decrease in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and increases glomerular filtration rate. What substance is the most likely cause of the physiological changes detected by the researchers?
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Total energy metabolism of a person can be calculated, if the following value is known:
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A young man came to a doctor with complaints of pain in his heart, It turns out that he drinks up to 8 cups of coffee per day. What the effect of the caffeine contained in coffee on the human heart?
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A 37-year-old hospitalized into the STD department with the diagnosis of syphilis. What medicine will be used for his man was treatment?
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