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KROK 1 Medicine 2022 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2022 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A person diagnosed with pneumococcus failure and hospitalized. respiratory What was component of external respiration is typically affected in this pathology?
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A man suffers from progressive muscular dystrophy. What indicator of urinary nitrogen metabolism characterizes this condition?
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A 45-year-old women was diagnosed with parathyroid insufficiency. How will the functioning of the kidneys change with this pathology?
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Ammonia is extremely toxic to human CNS. What is the main way of its neutralization in the nervous tissue?
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For the last three days a woman has been suffering from profuse diarrhea. Her blood gas test shows reduced levels of HC03. What is the leading mechanism in compensation of acid-base imbalance in this patient?
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Formation of a large number of immunoglobulins with different antigenic specificity occurs from a small number of genes. What process makes this possible?
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A woman with low blood pressure was parenterally administered hormone, after which she developed an increase in pressure and increased levels of glucose and lipids in her blood. What hormone did she receive?
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Autopsy of the body of a person, who died aner an abdominal surgery, revealed numerous thrombi in the lesser pelvis. Clinical diagnosis of thrombolytic syndrome was made. Where in the body will the thrombolytic be found in this case?
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The patient has lost tactile and thermal sensitivity because of a head injury. What gyrus was damaged in the brain in this case?
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A patient has developed severe muscle weakness as a result of combined digitoxin and furosemide therapy for chronic heart failure. What electrolyte imbalance will be observed in the patient's blood in this case?
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A 9-month-old child presents with late eruption of teeth, disturbed order of teeth eruption, and a horizontally deformed configuration of the upper jaw (high palate). Microscopy shows uneven mineralization of dental enamel, wrinkled enamel prisms. some of which are vacuolated, enlarged predentin zone. and isolated denticles. Make the provisional diagnosis:
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Hepatocytes of a man, who died of chronic alcoholism, have an increased of single membrane-bound count organelles that contain catalase enzyme and detoxification Name these organelles:
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Diagnostics of hepatitis and myocardial infarction shows that the activity of alanine and aspartate amino-transferases sharply increases in blood plasma in such cases. What causes these biochemical changes in the blood?
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The patient's laboratory blood test shows the following: sodium - 115 mmo/L, chlorides - 85 mmol/L, glucose - 6 mmol/L, total protein - 65 g/L. These changes will primarily lead to:
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In fatty infiltration of the liver, the synthesis disrupted. In this case, the patients are advised to eat more cottage cheese, because it contains a certain substanqe that can enhance the methylation of phospholipids in the synthesis of process phospholipids. Name this substance:
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A patient diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis underwent a treatment with isoniazid. Recently, the patient has developed signs of hypovitaminosis B6. What is the cause of the pathological condition in this case?
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Excess calcium chloride was introduced into a perfusion solution of an isolated frog heart. What changes in the activity of the frog heart should be expected?
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A 65-year-old woman diagnosed with Dressler syndrome was hospitalized into the cardiology department. She has a history of infarction, what additional clinical and laboratory findings can confirm the diagnosis of Dressler syndrome?
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An ambulance team has brought to the hospital a person, provisionally diagnosed with acute pancreatitis. What enzyme activity should be measured in the patient's blood and urine to confirm this diagnosis?
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Autopsy of the body of a 38-year-old man, who died suddenly, shows yellowish patches in the intima of the abdominal aorta. The patches do not protrude from the surface Histologically, a large number of xanthoma cells are detected in the intima. They become bright orange, when stained with Sudan Ill. What from the surface. stage of atherosclerosis characterized by these pathological signs?
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After a car accident, the driver developed a deformity in the middle third of his left leg and a severe pain that intensifies, when he tries to move his left leg, The ends ofa bone with a triangular section protrude from the wound, the blood loss increases. What bone is most likely to be damaged in this case?
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Which biochemical marker indicates that the donor's blood is infected with viral hepatitis B?
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A 47-year-old man was diagnosed with arthritis of the toe on his right foot and nephrolithiasis consisting of uric acid. The patient is taking allopurinol. What biochemical defect has likely been detected in this patient?
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A 48-year-old man with signs of bilateral spontaneous pneumothorax died. Autopsy of the body detects in his both lungs sub pleural blisters 1-3 cm in diameter, filled with air. Outside the blisters, the lungs exhibit Increased airiness, the tissue crunches when being cut. What pulmonary pathology is observed in the deceased?
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A patient was hospitalized into the surgical department with signs of acute appendicitis. The following changes observed in patient's leukogram: total leukocyte count 16 x 10/L, basophils - 0%, eosinophils 2%, myelocytes band neutrophils 8%. segmental neutrophils 59%, lymphocytes 25%, monocytes 4%. How can such changes be characterized?
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Human immunodeficiency virus belongs to the family of retroviruses. What is the most characteristic trait of this family of viruses?
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A patient has a perforated ulcer in the posterior gastric wall. Into what structure will the stomach contents be released in this case?
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Plants and mushrooms harvested along highways are dangerous to consume because of a risk of lead poisoning. What is the main source of this element that accumulates in plants and mushrooms?
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In the process of aging, the human body undergoes certain physiological changes, in particular a decrease in the secretion of pancreatic juice and its lower trypsin content. Breakdown of what substances become disturbed as a result?
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During a surgery for a splenic injury, the surgeon must identify the artery that supplies the spleen with blood. This artery is a branch of:
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A 3-year-old girl with severe progression of chickenpox has facial defects and a Mongoloid eye-shape. Her blood test shows lymphocytopenia, though her levels of B-lymphocytes immunoglobulins are normal. Her medical history states that the girl had convulsions and persistent mycosis of the oral mucosa. What immunodeficiency syndrome can be characterized by such clinical and laboratory findings?
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Mitochondrial respiratory chain contains complex cytochrome proteins. What type of reactions do they catalyze?
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The surface of the joints is covered with tissue that has no blood vessels. The intercellular substance of this tissue is rich in water, glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans. The cells of this tissue form isogenic groups. Name this tissue:
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A patient diagnosed with tuberculosis was prescribed etiotropic treatment. What antibiotic should be chosen for treatment in this case?
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A bacteriological laboratory is examining canned vegetables that have caused botulism in several people. What cultivation conditions play a leading role in the detection of the causative agents in the test material?
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Based on their ability to be synthesized in the human body, all proteinogenic amino acids are divided into replaceable, essential, and conditionally essential. Which of the listed amino acids is essential?
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A patient with hepatic pathology developed bradycardia, low blood pressure, and signs of nervous system depression. What hepatic pathology can be characterized by these signs?
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A 40-year-old man suffers from obesity, low body temperature, brittle nails, hair loss, and other trophic disorders, He has pasty face with poor facial expressiveness, thickened nose and lips, decreased sexual ftnction. and impaired memory, His lifestyle is sedentary. What endocrine pathology can be characterized by such clinical presentation?
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Phenylketonuria belongs to the following of molecular group metabolic diseases:
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An embryonic organ, in which the first blood corpuscles are formed, is being studied. Name this organ:
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