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KROK 1 Medicine 2022 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2022 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 37-year-old woman came to a clinic complaining of intense pain in her left wrist and a tingling sensation in her left thumb, index and middle fingers, and a part of her ring finger. At first. the pain manifested as irregular pulsing sensation, but by now it has intensified significantly and wakes the woman at night. She has no complaints about her right wrist and fingers. A study of nerve conduction revealed a nerve compression. Which of the nerves is most likely to be compressed in this patient?
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While playing football, a boy has injured his muscles. When he came to a doctor, he complained about his inability to extend his lower leg. What muscle is damaged in this case?
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The patient's blood test shows a significant increase in the lymphocyte count. What hormone facilitates this change?
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Patients suffering from diseases of internal organs often assume forced positions (for example, bending their legs and tucking them up to the abdomen). What type of reflex is it?
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A man was diagnosed with was spongy encephalopathy. A postmortem examination of his brain was performed, Histological microslide of his brain contains protein particles without nucleic acids. What pathogen caused the infectious disease in this man?
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Oxygen supply of an isolated mammalian nerve cell was completely stopped. How will the resting potential change in this case?
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In a patient with cardiac arrhythmia, ECG shows the following: heart rate 60/min., prolonged PQ interval, periodic loss of QRS complex. What heart rhythm disorder is observed in the patient?
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A woman was hospitalized into the pulmonology department with the diagnosis of exudative pleurisy. In what pleural sinus will the largest amount of inflammatory exudate accumulate?
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Carriers of causative agents play a significant role in the spreading of certain diseases. The causative agent of what disease spreads due to the presence of a specific carrier?
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Material, obtained from the wound of a patient with a suspected gas anaerobic infection, was inoculated on Kitt-Tarozzi a previously boiled medium. For what purpose was the medium heated?
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Examination of the oral cavity of a 50-year-old man, who smokes for a long time, revealed an irregularly- shaped white plaque on the buccal mucosa. Histology detects thickening of stratified squamous epithelium, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and acanthosis. What pathological process is observed in the patient?
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During an examination of the patient, the surgeon detected an injury in the upper third of the kidney. What organ should be checked for its Intactness in this case. given the syntopy of the len kidney?
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Dunng a surgery, the surgeon must find the site, where the portal hepatic vein begins. Name this site:
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Quinolones are the inhibitors of DNA gyrase enzyme They are used intreatment of urogenital infections. What process do they primarily disrupt?
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A 32-year-old man has tall stature, gynecomastia, female pattern of hair growth, high voice, mental retardation, and infertility. He was provisionally diagnosed with KlinefClter syndrome. What needs be determined additionally to confirm the diagnosis?
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A 25-year-old man came to a neurologist weakness in his legs and disturbed gait. The doctor diagnosed him with myasthenia gravis and prescribed him proserine injections. What is the mechanism of action of this medicine? with complaints of
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The sequence of triplets in DNA determines the order of ammo acids in the protein molecule. Name this characteristic of the genetic code:
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Patients with ischemic heart disease are usually prescribed small doses of aspirin, which inhibits the synthesis of platelet aggregation activator thromboxane A2. Thromboxane A2 is formed from the following substance:
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Carboxybiotin is a coenzyme form of vitamin H. This vitamin takes part in the followmg process in the human body:
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A person can raise an arm to given height relative to the torso with the eyes closed. What receptors enable this action?
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Trypsinogen is synthesized in the pancras. It iscpmverted into trypsin due to the action of intestinal enterokinase. How does this process work?
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A man was hospitalized in a comatose state. His medical history states that he has been suffering from type II diabetes mellitus for 5 years. Objectively, his respiration is noisy and deep. His blood glucose is 15.2 mmol/L, ketone bodies - 100 mcmol/L. What complication of diabetes is indicated by these signs?
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Gastric microflora tends to be scarce due to the acidity of the stomach contents. However, H. pylori is able to survive in the stomach, because of production of a certain enzyme. Name this enzyme;
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A woman gave birth to a child with toxoplasmosis. She believes she has contracted toxoplasmosis from a friend who also recently gave birth to a What sick child, route of toxoplasmosis transmission human is impossible?
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A 5-year-old child was diagnosed hereditary (Minkowski-Chauffard disease). What membranopathy with change in the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes will be observed in this case?
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Medical history of a 60-year-old arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. He suddenly developed weakness in the right half of his body. By the tune an ambulance arrived, it was already difficult for him to speak. Two hours later he died. Brain maeroscopy revealed cerebral edema, dilation of man states convolutions, boundaries between the white and gray matter. What is the most likely cause the pue blurred of death in this case?
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A woman was diagnosed with a cerebral tumor on the ventral surface of the pons. In what artery will a slowdown of blood flow be observed?
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A woman with phlebitis has developed a thrombus in the area of a varicose vein in her lower leg. What was the primary pathogenetic factor in the process ofthrombosis?
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Because of a spinal cord injury, a patient sensitivity in the legs and lower half of the What conduction path was damaged, causing this condition in the patient?
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After removal of a tumor, the patient was prescribed 5-fluorouracil for chemotherapy. What characteristic of fluorouracil enables its usage as an antitumor medicine?
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During the generation of action potential in the nerve fiber ofa living cell, ATP energy is used for:
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A child was diagnosed with atypical pneumonia that is resistant to treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics. Inoculation of the child's sputum on a special medium resulted in the growth of microorganisms that formed microsccwic colonies with a dense center. What microorganism is the causative agent of pneumonia in this child?
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Bacteria have entered into the alveolar space of the acinus. During their interaction with the surfactant, the cells localized in the alveolar walls and on the alveolar surface were activated. Name these cells:
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What supra-molecular multienzyme complex, integrated into the lipid layer of the lnner mitochondrial membrane, creates the conditions for redox reactions?
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Two isolated threshold stimuli were applied to an isolated nerve ofa frog one after another. The second stimulus occurred during the phase of depolarization of the action potential. Why in this case will there be only one action potential generated?
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A 46-year-old man complains of tiredness and pain in his interphalangeal and wrist joints during the last 2 months and morning stiffness tn the joints that lasts up to 2 hours and can be relieved with physical activity. There is a successful treatment for a H. pylori — induced ulcer in his medical history for the last year. The patient does not smoke, He gave up alcohol after he had been diagnosed with gastric disorder. What drug should he be prescribed in this case?
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ECG analysis shows that the alpha angle is 80°. What is the position of the electrical axis of the heart in this case?
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In cases of acute thrombosis, patients are prescribed anticoagulant therapy. Which direct-acting anticoagulant is used for this purpose?
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A man came to a hospital after a head injury. He complains of a loss of previously skills (praxia). What part of the cerebral cortex is damaged in this acquired occupational case?
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A 23-year-old woman complairus of frequent bloody stools, tiredness, and dizziness. A few days ago, she celebrated her birthday at a restaurant. Similar symptoms are observed in her friends. What biological material should be obtained from this woman for microbiological tests?
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