The course of hemorrhagic shock was complicated by the development of acute renal failure in the patient. What is the initiating link in the mechanism of development of this complication?

Answer options

1. Release of vasopressin into the blood
2. Centralization of blood circulation with development of renal ischemia
3. Activation of the sympathoadrenal system
4. Development of DIC syndrome
5. Increased permeability of the capillary wall