HomeKROK Question Archive
KROK Question Archive
KROK 2 Medicine 2024 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2024 KROK 2 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
190 Questions12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940
A boy suffering from bronchial asthma started to experience suffocation attacks several times a day. During the last attack, inhalation of astmopent (orciprenaline) had no effect. Intensive therapy was unable to stop the attack. The child was transferred into the intensive care unit with the diagnosis of II-degree status asthmaticus. What was the leading mechanism of the development of this condition in the child?
View question and answer
A 27-year-old pregnant woman (pregnancy II, 8-10 weeks) developed a fever. Examination for TORCH infections detected antibodies of the IgM type to herpes simplex virus types I and II. What should be recommended to the pregnant woman in this case?
View question and answer
A woman turned to a doctor with complaints that her husband, 47-year-old, has a behavior changes about 5 years ago. He became irritable, anxious, began to make erratic, uncontrolable movements and during the last year ecame aggresive, incoordination movements ad mke a grimace. During the examination: absent abstract thinking, moderate decrease in connitive functionns, decreased muscle tone, ataxia,oculoomotor apraxia re observed. An MRII examination of the brain revealed atrophy of the corteex of the frontaa lobes and the caudate nucleus. Specify the probbable diagnosis.
View question and answer
A 30-year-old man was involved in an accident. He is unconscious. There is profuse bleeding on the left side of his neck, bright red in colour. What will be the correct method to stop bleeding?
View question and answer
A 20-year-old man, a calibrator of dosimetry equipment, committed a gross violation of safety regulations, when he put two ampoules with cobalt-60, each with the radioactivity of 7 MCi, in the pockets of his trousers and jacket. He has been keeping the ampoules in his pockets for 8 hours. The tissues at the distance of 0.5 cm from the source received the dose of 30 Gy (3000 R), while the tissues at the distance of 20 cm - 2R. Did this man develop radiaton sickness?
View question and answer
A nationwide strategy has been approved in Ukraine for tuberculosis (TB) control, namely the implementation of a complex of phase action. This applies to preventation, diagnosis, treatment. social assistance for patiets and promotion of healthy lifestyle. What is included in the medical prevention of TB?
View question and answer
The industrial enterprise dicharges insufficiently treated industrial effluents into the river. Water from the river is used for domestic water suplly. It causes death of some microorganisms, disruption of processes self-purification of water and deterioration of its qulity, which can used to have a negative mpact on people's health. How is called such action of enviromental factors?
View question and answer
A 70-year-old patient has undergone a surgery for the removal of a traumatic cataract of the right eye. Objectively, in the right eye emphVisus=0,8 with the correction of +10,0 D sph; while in the left eye emphVisus=0,6 without correction. What means of correction would be most advisable for this patient?
View question and answer
A 3-month-old child has been formula-fed since the age of 2.5 months, because the child's mother has no milk. The mother notes that despite her taking a good baby developed persistent redness in the skin folds. Three-four days later, the child developed itching and hyperemic skin patches on the cheeks and chin. The patches are filled with serous exudate that forms yellowish scabs when dried out. Seborrheic scales are observed on the child's scalp. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
View question and answer
A 51-year-old woman has been suffering from glomerulonephritis for 25 years. Recently appeared complaints of weakness, sleep disturbances, dyspepsia, skin itching. Objectively observed: Heart rate 110/min, blood pressure- 180/120 mm Hg, sluggishness, pallor of the skin, edema. Heart sounds are rhythmic, dull, pleural friction noise. During auscultation, the lungs are heard moist rales in the lower regions. In the biochemical analysis of blood: creatinine - 0.9 mmol/l. Which one stage of chronic renal failure most likely developed in the patient?
View question and answer
A man was repairing a fence and injured his right elbow with a wire. Three days later he developed edema, hyperemia, reduced range of movements in the joint, intense pain, and local and general increase of temperature. Objectively, the right elbow is enlarged, the skin over it is edematous and hyperemic; regional lymph nodes are enlarged, thickened, and painful. Palpation of the right elbow detects sharp pain and fluctuation. Make the provisional diagnosis:
View question and answer
A 28-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized into the inpatient department. Her diagnosis is as follows: pregnancy III, 7-8 weeks of gestation; rheumatism, inactive phase, III degree mitral stenosis. What is the management plan for this patient?
View question and answer
On the 4th day after the cesarean section, the woman developed fever, abdominal pain, and body temperature rose to 39°C. Pulse - 104/min. There was vomiting twice. The patient is inhibited, the tongue is dry, coated with a grayish coating. The stomach is swollen. Symptoms of peritoneal irritation are positive in all departments. Peristalsis is not heard. Gases do not escape. The bottom of the uterus is at the level of the navel. The uterus is painful on palpation. Purulent - bloody secretions, moderate. What is the most likely diagnosis?
View question and answer
A young woman says that she suddenly smells unpleasant odors for a few seconds, after which she does not remember what is happening to her. At the same time, she bites her tongue, lets out urine, fails, bruises her body and head. Which condition is most likely to occur in a woman?
View question and answer
A 44-year-old man was hospitalized with a perforated stomach ulcer 5 hours after the onset of the disease. The diagnosis was confirmed by pneumoperitoneum X-ray. Signs of spilled peritonitis are increasing. A concomitant disease is schizophrenia. The man flatly refused surgery. What are the surgeon's next steps?
View question and answer
A 25-year-old man with peptic ulcer of the duodenum, who during the examination N. pylori, increased acid-forming function of the stomach was detected, a seven-day course was completed eradication therapy in a standard dose (omeprazole + amoxicillin + metronidazole) during which he did not stop smoking. During the control examination after 4 weeks - respiratory the test is positive. What will be the further recommendations of the doctor?
View question and answer
A 16-year-old girl undergoes a preventive medical examination. During history taking, she reported that she had chicken pox at the age of 3. There are no other serious diseases in the anamnesis. Her parents did not refuse vaccinations, she was vaccinated in kindergarten and school in accordance with the National Calendar of preventive vaccinations. Physical examination without abnormalities. The appointment of which vaccines will be the most appropriate at the moment?
View question and answer
To fight against the tobacco smoking, Ukraine has ratified the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and prohibited public smoking. What type of prevention is it?
View question and answer
A 48-year-old patient complains of frequent constricting retrosternal pain that radiates into the left shoulder and left scapula. Pain attacks occur at night, at complete rest, and last 10-15 minutes. During the visit to a polyclinic, no ECG abnormalities and no changes in the patient's general condition were detected. What examination would be most important for clarification of the diagnosis?
View question and answer
A patient with an acute hemorrhagic stroke reacts to words and touches with a groan, lies with close eyes, does not open them independently, with passive opening the eyes are turned to the right, the left limbs fall like a whip, the right limbs respond b bending to painful stimuli. Assess the patient's level of consciousness according to the Glasgow scale.
View question and answer
A patient suffering from scleroderma recently began to notice marked dryness in mould feeling of and in the eyes and richness of the sclera glands increase in sizes, compacted to the touch A manifestation of which complication are the mentioned symptoms?
View question and answer
The mother of a 6-month-old child complains that her child has seizures and exhibits regression of acquired skills. During examination, the child is inert, has dry skin, reduced muscle tone, and light-colored hair, but presents with no lags in physical development. The child's urine has a moldy smell. What pathology must be ruled out in this child?
View question and answer
A 5-year-old child presents with weakness, increased fatigability, and icteric skin after a case of acute respiratory viral infection. Throughout the last 6 months, the child had several attacks manifesting as fever, abdominal pain, and skin icterus. Objectively, the child is inert, the skin is pale and yellow-tinged, the sclerae are icteric, the abdomen is soft and moderately painful to palpation, hepatosplenomegaly is observed. Blood test results are as follows: erythrocytes 3.2x1012/L, hemoglobin 80 g/L, color index-0.9, reticulocytes 50%, platelets 250x109/L, leukocytes 8.5x109/L, ESR 8.5x109/L, ESR 6 mm/h. Morphology of erythrocytes: microspherocytes 20%. Osmotic resistance: minimum -0.6% NaCl solution, maximum 0.3% NaCl solution. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
View question and answer
What clinical symptoms are characteristic during the initial phase of acute radiation sickness?
View question and answer
A 26-year-old woman, pregnancy I, 10 weeks of gestation, has been suffering from rheumatism since her childhood. With pregnancy her condition has deteriorated: her dyspnea increased, and she developed edema in her lower extremities. Her pulse is 86/min., the lips are cyanotic, there are systolic and diastolic murmurs over the cardiac apex. The liver protrudes 4 cm from under the costal margin. The woman was diagnosed with III degree heart failure, her left ventricular ejection fraction is less than 40%. What are the tactics of the patient management in this case?
View question and answer
A twelve-year-old girt is healthy. Physical and mental development comesponds to the age. Harmonious physical development Within a year she was sick 4 times an acute respiratory viral infection, acute angina and flu. To which health group does the girl belong?
View question and answer
A 57-year-old patient complains of constant shortness of breath, which worsens during physical activity exertion, unproductive cough. more often in the morning. He has been ill for 12 years. Smokes over 40 years (20 cigarettes per day). From the anamnesis, it is known that he suffers from inflammation lungs Objectively observed: temperature 36.5 C, heart rate 22 per minute, pulse 80 bpm, blood pressure -140/80 mm Hg. art, cyanosis of the lips, over the lungs weakened vesicular breathing, a large number of scattered dry rales. Changes in which spirometric indicator most likely to indicate the pathophysiological mechanism of the patient's respiratory failure?
View question and answer
Analysis of the population morbidity in a village, located near a chemical factory, shows that within the last several years the number of gout and esophageal cancer cases has significantly increased, What pollutant of the environment is the likely cause of such dynamics?
View question and answer
A 37-year-old man complains of chills, headache in the frontal region and temples, pain in the muscles, pain during eye movement photophobia, and extreme weakness. His oropharyngeal mucosa is hyperemic. Scleritis is observed in the patient. Auscultation detects isolated dry crackles and weakened heart sounds. Heart rate 98 / min. , blood pressure 130/70 mm Hg, body temperature 39.8°. What is the optimal way of preventing this disease in the contact persons?
View question and answer
A 16-year-old patient suddenly had a seizure during the examination at the military base palpitation. On the ECG, the following is observed: the rhythm is correct, the heart rate is 180 per 1 min, the PQ interval is 0.08 c. The QRS is slightly widened, on the rising knee of the R wave there is a delta wave, attacks heart palpitations bother often. What type of invasive intervention is indicated in this case?
View question and answer
A 44-year-old man was hospitalized with a diagnosis of follicular angina. Body temperature 38.60°C, skin and mucous membranes of normal color. HR-102/min. BP-130/70 mm Hg IN clinical blood analysis revealed: erythrocytes-2.7x10 12/1, Hb-90 g/L, CP-10, leukocytes-35x109/1, indifferentiated blests-62%, rods-2 sy 14% 1-14%, m-2%, ESR-46 mm/h. What disease should be suspected in the patient?
View question and answer
A 38-year-old man has been for many years suffering from epilepsy. Three days ago, he had an episode of clouded consciousness that started suddenly and was accompanied by anger. In this state he was speaking nonsense, breaking furniture, and hit his wife. He remained in this state for about an hour, after which he fell asleep. Later he was claiming that he didn't remember any of the events that had happened during the episode. What is the most likely definition of this condition?
View question and answer
A newborn with hemolytic disease according to Rh factor fave a Rh(+) blood group, in mother A thi What blood should be transfused during replacement blood transfusion:
View question and answer
In a 60-year-old man, who is undergoing inpatient treatment for an acute myocardial infarction, palpitations suddenly developed. Objectively observed: activity heart rhythmic, heart rate 140/min. On the ECG it was found: there is no P wave, instead of it are F waves, of the same shape and amplitude, the QRS complex is not changed. What complication developed in the patient?
View question and answer
A 32-year-old patient suffers from epilepsy. Suddenly, without any cause, the patient became excited. Objectively, the patient is disoriented in the personal identity and environment, has visual and auditory hallucinations of threatening content and delusional ideas of reference and persecution. There are expressions of fear, anger, and rage on the patient's face. The patient's behavior is aggressive, accompanied by destructive actions. What psychopathological syndrome is it?
View question and answer
The average annual number of beds in City Clinical Hospital №1 is 540; Total number of operated patients - 850; Number of deaths after surgery - 5; Number of postoperative complications - 34; What indicator can be calculated based on the above data?
View question and answer
A 60-year-old man complains of mild disturbances of memory, coordination, gait. Cerebral atherosclerosis was confirmed. Blood pressure is within the norm. Magnetic resonance imaging shows leukoaraiosis in the periventricular area. What is the most likley diagnosis?
View question and answer
One week ago, a 68-year-old woman suddenly developed pain in the left half of her chest and shortness of breath. Objectively, the following is observed: cyanosis, distended neck veins, pulse 100 / min. , blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, respiratory rate 28/+4 cm, the left lower leg edematous and sharply painful to palpation. Auscultation detects a dull lung sound on the left, below the scapula; sonorous moist fine vesicular crackles are present; the borders of the heart are expanded on the right; the II heart sound is accentuated over the pulmonary artery. ECG shows deep S waves in leads I and aVL, as well as deep Q waves in leads III and aVF, and a negative T wave in leads III and aVF. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
View question and answer
A woman with polycystic kidney disease observes an increase in her 24-hour urine output to 2-2.5 liters. Dynamic nephroscintigraphy shows the following: total glomerular filtration rate --- 34 mL / min., serum creatinine --- 84 mcmol / L, urea --- 8.0 mmol /
View question and answer
A 42-year-old patient complains of severe burning pains behind the sternum, which occurred approx an hour ago, after physical overload, cold sweat, sharp general weakness. Objectively observed: the skin is clean, pale in color. Pulse- 72/min, blood pressure 190/100 mm Hg. The boundaries of the heart have not changed. Tones are weakened, clean. The ECG determines: sinus rhythm, correct. The amplitude of the Q wave in leads II, III, avF is equal to the amplitude of the R wave, duration 0.04 seconds. ST segment elevation 4 mm higher was registered in the same leads isolines Specify. the previous diagnosis.
View question and answer