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KROK 1 Dentistry 2016 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2016 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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As a result of an injury a child developed an abscess of the buccal adipose tissue. With time the process spread to the lateral surface of pharynx. Pus spread along the following fascia:
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Students have been remaining for a long time in a badly ventilated room. They developed respiratory changes caused by irritation of their peripheral chemoreceptors that react primarily to:
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The contents of vesicles that appeared on the mucous membrane of a patient with variola has been sent to a virological laboratory. Which of the listed changes were revealed during the smear microscopy?
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During exacerbation of peptic gastric ulcer disease a patient complains of heart pain. What vegetative reflex can cause these painful sensations?
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A 50-year-old man addressed a hospital with complaints of memory disorders, painful sensations along the nerve trunks, decreased mental ability, circulatory disorders and dyspepsia. Anamnesis states excessive alcohol consumption. What vitamin deficiency can result in such signs?
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A child with signs of rickets has been prescribed a certain liposoluble vitamin drug by pediatrician and dentist. This drug affects the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium in the body and facilitates calcium accumulation in bone tissue and dentine. If its content in the body is insufficient, there develop disruptions of ossification process, dental structure and occlusion. Name this drug:
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A victim has a deep incised wound in the area of external surface of the gonial angle. What muscle is damaged in this case?
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A patient consulted a doctor about an inflammation of the ethmoid bone cells (ethmoiditis). Examination revealed the disorder of blood supply to the bone. Ethmoidal cells are normally supplied with blood through the branches of the following artery:
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A patient suffers from mutation of a gene that corresponds with hemoglobin synthesis. This condition led to development of sicklecell disease. Name the pathological hemoglobin characteristic of this disease:
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Due to a contusion suffered in a traffic accident a patient has lost vision. Ophthalmoscopy revealed no changes of the eyeball. What artery is damaged in this case?
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After a serious psychoemotional stress a 48-year-old patient suddenly developed acute heart ache irradiating to the left arm. Nitroglycerine relieved the pain attack after 10 minutes. What is the leading pathogenetic mechanism of this process development?
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It is required to anaesthetize right lower molars. The proper injection site for the conduction anaesthesia is:
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Glucose content of blood keeps at sufficient level after one week of starvation. Is it caused by activation of the following process:
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A 38-year-old woman complains of bleeding gums, halitosis, exposure of tooth necks. Objectively: the patient has gingivitis, plaque and tartar. Inflammation involves the alveolar part of gingiva with dental pockets. The bone tissue exhibits signs of bone resorption. What pathology does the patient have?
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A woman had been taking synthetic hormones during her pregnancy. Her newborn girl presents with excessive hairiness which has formal resemblance to adrenogenital syndrome. This sign of variability is called:
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A patient is diagnosed with seborrheic dermatitis caused by vitamin H (biotin) deficiency. Observed is activity disruption of the following enzyme:
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A patient, who had suffered severe blood loss three days ago, underwent blood test. The following data was obtained in leukogram: leukocytes 12 × 109/l, basophils - 0, eosinophils 3, myelocytes - 0, juvenile - 3, stab neutrophils - 12, segmented neutrophils - 62, lymphocytes - 16, monocytes 4. What change of leukocyte content occurred in this case?
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A connective tissue preparation stained with hematoxylin-eosin shows isogenous cell groups surrounded with basophilic intercellular substance. No fibrous structure can be detected. What type of connective tissue is it?
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A 60-year-old patient has taken a drug to relieve angina pectoris attack; in several minutes the pain felt in the breastbone area abated, but it was followed by feeling of vertigo, headache, tinnitus, and hyperemia of face. What drug has the patient taken?
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A 40-year-old patient suffers from intolerance of dairy food products. This condition has likely developed due to insufficiency of the following digestive enzyme:
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A 40-year-old woman suffering from diffuse toxic goiter presents with constant increase of her body temperature. What mechanism results in such clinical presentation?
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A 28-year-old patient complains of frequent gingival hemorrhages. Blood test revealed the clotting factor II (prothrombin) deficiency. What phase of blood coagulation is impaired in this patient?
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A 53-year-old patient with a long history of nephrolithiasis underwent nephrectomy. The kidney resembles a thin-walled sac filled with urine. Renal parenchyma is atrophied. Specify this complication of nephrolithiasis:
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A 56-year-old woman is registrated with a psychoneurologic dispensary due to her suffering from epilepsy, specifically, minor attacks (pti mal). What drug is the most efficient in this case?
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Specify the calcium-binding enamel protein, which plays a significant part in carious destruction of enamel, when its function is disrupted:
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Microscopy of an extracted tooth has revealed a focus of enamel destruction at the dentinoenamel junction. Within this focus accumulation of microorganisms occurs; calcium salts disappear from enamel columns; intercolumn substance and enamel columns are partially destroyed. What diagnosis is the most likely?
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Autopsy of a man who died from ethylene glycol poisoning revealed that his kidneys are a little bit enlarged, edematic; their capsule can be easily removed. Cortical substance is broad and light-grey. Medullary substance is dark-red. What pathology had this man?
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A 42-year-old woman has been administered propranolol for the ischemic heart disease. Yet she has been found to have a concomitant condition that renders propranolol to be contraindicated. What disease is it?
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A 49-year-old man with myocardial infarction has been admitted to a cardiology department. What changes in the peripheral blood cells are induced by the necrotic changes in the myocardium?
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Roentgenologically confirmed an obstruction of common bile duct that prevents bile from inflowing to the duodenum. What process is likely to be disturbed?
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A concerned mother addressed a pediatrician with complaints of her child suffering from frequent stomachaches, loss of appetite, nausea, constipation. Feces analysis detected rounded eggs with double capsules and oncospheres localized in their centers. The child was diagnosed with hymenolepiasis. Specify the type of infection transmission, considering that the invasion intensity was extremely high:
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During a foot trauma both cuboid and cuneiform bones have been crushed. As a result the foot must be amputated at the following joint:
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Carious cavities of a 29-year-old patient contain parasitic protozoa. It is determined that they relate to the Sarcodina class. Specify these singlecelled organisms:
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A patient has vesicles on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, lips and nose. A dentist suspected vesicular stomatitis. What analysis will allow to confirm the diagnosis?
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A 67-year-old patient has ordered a full functional denture. It was necessary to extract the left upper canine. After infraorbital anesthesia the patient presented with a progressing hematoma in the frontal part of the face. The patient was found to have an injury of an artery that is the branch of:
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A child is 6 years old. The permanent teeth have started to take the place of the primary teeth. What teeth are the first to emerge?
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A histological preparation of cerebellum transverse section shows large number of multipolar neurons in the grey matter. What morphological feature allows to identify them as multipolar?
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After long-term antibiotic treatment a patient has developed whitish spots on the oral mucosa. Gram-positive oval budding cells were detected in the smear preparations. What causative agents were detected?
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Chromosomal complement of a woman contains a chromosome with arms p and q of equal length. What morphological type does this chromosome belong to?
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In Western Europe nearly half of all congenital malformations occur in the children conceived in the period when pesticides were used extensively in the region. Those congenital conditions result from the following influence:
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