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KROK 1 Dentistry 2020 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2020 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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An 18-year-old girl, a student, has follicular tonsillitis accompanied by sore throat, signs of intoxication, weakness, and hyperthermia. What effective antipyretic agent should she be prescribed?
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A patient with kidney failure presents with an acute drop in serum sodium levels. In the morning he develops pale and friable face edema. What substance in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue binds the sodium ions transported from the circulatory system?
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A woman with blood group AB(0) Rh (-) is pregnant for a second time with an Rh(+) fetus. Her first pregnancy resulted in the birth of an Rh (+) baby. After the first pregnancy she had no immunoprophylaxis. What complication can occur during her second pregnancy in this case?
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A 43-year-old cattle farmworker is brought to the surgeon with fever, malaise, and inflamed lesions on his hands and arms. He reports that about 2 weeks before his visit to the hospital he noticed small, painless, itching papules that quickly enlarged and developed a central vesicle. The vesicles developed into erosions and left painless necrotic ulcers with black, depressed eschar. Gram's staining of the ulcers reveals gram-positive spore-forming bacilli. Which of the following diseases is the most likely cause of these findings?
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A 23-year-old man developed a perforation in his hard palate. An induration with clear margins was detected in this area. After a surgery, microscopy of the excised formation showed there a large focus of caseous necrosis tissue surrounded with a granulation with endovasculitis and a cellular infiltration consisting of lymphocytes and epithelioid cells with predominance of plasma cells. What is the most likely disease in this case?
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A 38-year-old man was brought to the admission room with signs of hypoxia caused by carbon monoxide poisoning. The patient's condition is moderately severe. He has tachycardia, dyspnea, and blood pressure of 160/100 mm Hg. What is the mechanism of carbon monoxide toxicity in the human body?
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A doctor has made a diagnosis of gingivitis and recommended the patient To rinse his oral cavity with an oxidizing agent. Specify this agent:
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A 42-year-old woman, who has been keeping to a vegetarian diet for a long period of time, consulted a doctor. Examination revealed negative nitrogen balance in the patient. What factor is the most likely cause of such a condition?
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Mother of a 2-year-old child with delayed physical and mental development has made an appointment with a genetic consultation. What method allows the doctor to rule out chromosomal abnormalities?
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Various substances can be used as anticoagulants. Among them there is a certain naturally derived polysaccharide. Name this polysaccharide:
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Examination revealed high levels of low density lipoproteins in the patient's blood serum. What disease can be suspected in this patient?
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A child with a foreign body in the lungs has been hospitalized. What bronchus most likely contains this foreign body, if its diameter is approximately I .5 cm?
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On the 5th day after the tooth extraction, a patient was brought into the dental surgeon's office for the drainage of a purulent abscess. However, on the 5th day after the procedure he developed fever and his blood culture contained pathogenic staphylococcus. This type of microbial infection, spreading within the human body, is called:
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A patient suffers from chronic adrenocortical failure (Addison's disease or bronzed disease). What hormone is deficient, resulting in this pathological process?
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Chloramine B solution is widely used in medical practice. What IS NOT effect of this medicine?
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A patient suffers from functional failure of the kidneys. Name the sign that indicates kidney failure:
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Endoscopy revealed a gastric wall injury within the mucosal layer. What type of epithelium normally lines the inner gastric wall?
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A pregnant woman developed severe toxemia with exhausting recurrent vomiting throughout a day. By the end of the day she developed tetanic convulsions and dehydration. The described changes were caused by the following type of acid-base imbalance:
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The dentist examines a pregnant There are 2 round lesions up to woman. 1 cm in diameter on her oral mucosa. The lesions appeared 3 days ago, they have white-gray surface and red margin. The dentist can make the following diagnosis:
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A child has sleep problems, grinds his teeth in his sleep, and frequently scratches his anal region. Laboratory testing detected white helminths up to 1 cm in length in the scrapes from the child's perianal folds. What helminth is the likely cause of this child's condition?
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Roentgenologically obstruction of the common bile duct prevents bile from inflowing to the duodenum. What process will likely become disturbed in this case?
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A 45-year-old woman, who several years ago moved to live in the Zakarpattia region, developed weakness, drowsiness, apathy, memory problems, and edema. After examination she was diagnosed with endemic goiter. This condition can be caused by lack of a certain element in food and water. Name this element:
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On section ofa lymph node, in the medullary cords, there is a large number of cells with the following morphology: size from 7 to 15 mcm, basophilic cytoplasm, eccentric nucleus with a cartwheel chromatin pattern. These cells produce antibodies. Name these cells:
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A patient was taking broad- spectrum antibiotics for a long time, which resulted in the loss of appetite, loss of weight, nausea, diarrhea, and putrid-smelling stool. What side effect is it?
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A patient received a trauma to the external part of the face and to the temporal region, which resulted in a zygomatic fracture. What processes of the cranial bones were damaged in this case?
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A patient has inflammation of the maxillary nerve. This nerve passes through the following cranial foramen:
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A person suffers from vitamin D deficiency, which causes insufficient absorption of:
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A woman with endocrine pathology developed 15% acceleration of her basal metabolic rate. What hormone can cause such condition, if overproduced?
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Because of a wound, a patient has lost 25% of his circulating blood volume. Name mechanism for compensation: the emergency loss blood
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What glycoside should be taken in case of acute heart failure?
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In hot weather, bus passengers asked permission to open the roof What way of heat transfer is hatches. activated in this situation?
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Neural tube, neural crest, placodes, skin ectoderm, and prechordal plate develop in the process of embryonic ectoderm differentiation. Name the process of the neural tube formation:
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A 56-year-old man with a heart defect has lately started developing leg edemas. Name the local pathogenetic factor of edema development in this case:
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Complete alimentary starvation (without limiting the water intake) results in development of generalized What is the main pathogenetic edema. factor in this case?
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A bed-bound patient with circulatory failure was rendered immobile after a stroke. His skin and soft issues in the sacral region became black and swollen. After epidermal sloughing, ulcers developed in the blackened tissues What process occurred in this patient?
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Development of human teeth was studied during the embryonic and postembryonic It was stages. determined that teeth develop from:
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When training, the divers hold their breath for a long time. Why is it done?
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During oral cavity examination a dentist noticed eruption of the permanent canines in a child. The child and develops normally. grows Determine the child's age:
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Mice were swimming in the pool for a long time. Morphology of their skeletal muscles shows increased number of mitochondria with numerous cristac and light matrix. What cellular function is extremely strained in this situation?
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Slow skeletal muscles with large oxygen reserve take part in maintaining a certain position of the body. What substance takes part in oxygen storage in these muscles?
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