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KROK 1 Dentistry 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A child was born with numerous maldevelopments: cleft lip and palate, microphthalmia, syndactyly, heart and kidney diseases. The child died at the age of one month. The child's karyotype was 47 & 13+. What type of mutation caused this condition?
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A patient with cholelithiasis produces colorless fatty feces because of obturation of the bile ducts. Steatorrhea is caused by the absence of a certain bile component. Name this component:
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Heart auscultation first heart sound over the base of the xiphoid process. In this case, the doctor was auscultating the pathology of the following valve:
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An odontogenic cyst, connected to the second premolar, was removed from the patient's maxillary alveolar process. Histologically, the cystic wall is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and a hard structure resembling a rudimentary tooth is located in the cystic cavity. Make the diagnosis:
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Reading of hereditary information encoded within a gene begins with pre- mRNA synthesis on a fragment of DNA matrix chain. Where does this process occur in the eukaryotic cells?
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Histology of the dental pulp shows that the larger part of the dental cavity is filled with connective tissue that contains numerous collagen fibers and cellular infiltrations, consisting predominantly of lymphocytes and plasma cells. Some collagen fibers exhibit signs of hyalinosis and petrified patches can be detected. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Examination of a fetus shows cleft upper lip. What congenital facial malformation is it?
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A 20-year-old young man was preventively given an anatoxin. It was an immunization against the following disease:
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A patient complains of severe rhinitis and total loss of olfactory perception. Receptors of the olfactory analyzer are damaged in this patient. Where in the nasal cavity are these receptors located?
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An unconscious man with carbon monoxide poisoning was brought to the hospital by an ambulance. In his case, hypoxia is caused by accumulation of the following in the blood:
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When studying masticatory muscles, a student discovered that only one of them does not raise the lower jaw. Name this muscle:
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This extremely dangerous disease can be transmitted from a sick animal to a human via a flea bite. It exhibits characteristic lymphogenic spread of the causative agent with hemorrhagic inflammation of the regional lymph nodes. Name this disease:
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A patient has arrhythmia. What medicine needs to be prescribed in this case?
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A patient was prescribed oral irrigation with hydrogen peroxide solution. It belongs to the following group of antiseptics:
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A person with trauma bleeds from a head wound. Where should the carotid artery be pressed to temporarily stop the bleeding?
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A dentist prescribed diclofenac sodium to a patient with arthritis of the temporomandibular joint. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
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After a psychological trauma, the patient constantly feels agitation, anxiety, and fear. What drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative was prescribed to this patient?
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A 67-year-old man suffers from cardiac and cerebral atherosclerosis. Examination detected hyperlipidemia. What class of blood plasma lipoproteins contributes the most to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
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After the eruption of the permanent teeth, their dentin was involved into a pathological process. In the affected areas, the following can be detected: uneven mineralization, absent or distorted dentinal tubules, certain inclusions. How is this dentin called?
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A man is waiting to be invited into the dentist's office. While waiting, he developed palpitations caused by nervousness. What heart rate is normal for a healthy adult?
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The condition of teeth depends on fluorine intake by the body, particularly with water. What is the hygienic norm for fluorine content in 1 liter of potable water?
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When examining a I-month-old child, the doctor noted open posterior fontanelle. At what age does it close, if a child develops normally?
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Acetylsalicylic acid was prescribed to reduce the fever caused by an acute respiratory viral infection. What type of therapy is it?
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A patient with peptic ulcer disease of the stomach is prescribed a drug that blocks histamine H2 receptors. Select this drug from the list:
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Autopsy of the body of a man, who died suddenly with signs of acute disturbed cerebral circulation, revealed an aneurysm rupture in the medial cerebral artery and a round cavity 4 cm in diameter filled with blood in his frontal lobe. Name this type of hemorrhage:
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What type of apatite makes up the largest portion of mineral component in the human teeth?
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Before extracting a tooth, the dentist recommended the patient a drug that should be taken to prevent bleeding. Name this drug:
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Pediatric examination of a 10-year-old child detected numerous petechiae on the skin, bleeding gums, and low levels of vitamin C in urine. What process is disturbed in this case?
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In some hereditary diseases (e.g., Kearns-Sayre syndrome), mitochondrial destruction can be observed. What cellular processes can be disturbed in the result of it?
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A child asked you to blow a balloon as much as you can in one exhale. What air volume will you use for this purpose?
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After a cold the patient developed impaired perception of pain and thermal stimuli in the front 2/3 of the tongue. What nerve was damaged in this case?
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During a dental manipulation, the patient developed an angina pectoris attack. What group of drugs needs to be prescribed for the emergency aid in this case?
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Mother of a 2-year-old child with delayed physical and mental development has made an appointment with a genetic consultancy. What method allows the doctor to rule out chromosomal abnormalities?
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Iron is released in the process of hemoglobin catabolism. Then, as a part of a special transport protein, it arrives into the bone marrow and is used again for hemoglobin synthesis. Name this transport protein:
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A man underwent a surgery for acute abdomen. His urine is brown, with indican levels over 93 mmol per 24 hours. What can be estimated based on urine indican levels?
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A 23-year-old Man with an 86. cerebrocranial trauma was hospitalized in a severe condition. His respiration has a characteristically labored spasmodic inspiration that does not stop and only rarely is interrupted by an expiration. What type of respiration is it characteristic of?
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Serological diagnostics of infectious diseases is based on specific interaction between antibodies and antigens. When an antigen is sedimented from a solution, using an immune serum and an electrolyte. this reaction is called:
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An 8-year-old schoolboy came to the dentist with a herpetic rash on his lower lip. What medicine will be the most effective in this case and needs to be prescribed for this boy?
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A patient has suffered a head injury. Examination detects a subcutaneous hematoma in the temporal What vessel was damaged, resulting area. in the hematoma development?
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An excessive bone tissue loss is often observed in older people, which indicates osteoporosis development. What bone tissue cells are activated resulting in the development of this disease?
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