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KROK 1 Dentistry 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Dentistry exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A patient with syphilis developed pale spots on the skin of his neck. What disturbance of pigment metabolism is it?
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A patient was diagnosed with a monogenic hereditary disease. Name this disease:
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Microscopy of an extracted tooth detected destruction of enamel and dentinoenamel junction. dentinal tubules are are wide and filled with microbial masses. Odontoblastic processes are dystrophic and necrotic. There are foci of dentin demineralization. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Oral cavity examination reveals gingival retraction with exposed roots and cervices of the lower incisors. X-ray shows osteoporotic foci in the alveolar bone; smooth resorption of the bone tissue is prevalent. Microscopy of gingival tissues shows sclerosis and hyalinosis of the microvasculature, accompanied by luminal obliteration; the capillary network is reduced; connective tissue undergoes dystrophic changes. What pathological process was detected?
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A patient with high blood coagulability was for a long time treated with salicylates. What metabolic process risks being disturbed as a result?
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Local anesthetics are used in dental practice. They block the following ion channels:
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If blood glucose levels exceed 10 mmol/L, the following is observed:
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At the sixth month of pregnancy a woman developed marked iron-deficiency anemia. character of this disease is the appearance of the following in the blood: The diagnostic
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An acute blood loss has caused a decrease in the systemic blood pressure. This situation can be stabilized with the intensified secretion of a certain hormone. Name this hormone:
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Examination of a patent foramen ovale. Where is this foramen located?
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A 42-year-old man was examined. He has a slightly feminized stature, testicular atrophy, and sparse hair growth on His neutrophilic leukocytes contain drumstick-shaped sex chromatin. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case? his face and chest.
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A child has a trauma of the lower lip. What muscle is damaged in this case?
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A 50-year-old man has been undergoing treatment for peptic ulcer disease of the stomach. His digestion normalized, pain disappeared, and general mood improved. However, several weeks later he again developed epigastric pain, heartburn, and sour eructation. How can this clinical course be characterized?
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A 5-year-old child has suffered a helminthic invasion, which resulted in sensibilization of the body. What parameters of the leukogram can confirm this process?
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A 30-year-old man is complaining of a fever of 38°C, weakness, and sore throat. Examination has detected a white coating on the patient's tongue. What histological structures of the tongue take part in the formation of this coating?
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Autopsy of the body of a patient, who died of cardiovascular failure shows stenosing coronary complicated with thrombosis, shows stenosing coronary complicated with atherosclerosis, Histologically, the thrombus consists of platelets, leukocytes, and fibrin. What type of thrombus can be observed in this case?
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A certain disease of infection allergic or unknown origin leads to bilateral diffuse or focal non-suppurative inflammation of renal glomerular apparatus with characteristic renal and extrarenal signs. Name this disease:
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The toxicology department received a patient with signs of acute mercury compound poisoning. What drug should be prescribed as an antidote?
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X-ray shows a cranial fracture. The fracture line passes through the superior nuchal line. What bone is damaged?
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A microslide shows a blood vessel. is tunica intima is represented by endothelium and subendothelium. Its tunica media is represented by bundles of smooth myocytes, interlayed with loose fibrous connective tissue. Its tunica externa is well-developed and formed by loose connective tissue with separate smooth myocytes. What vessel has such morphological characteristics?
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A woman is diagnosed with a hemorrage into the posterior horns of the spinal cord. What is their function?
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Tyrosine is used as a substrate in thyroxine synthesis. What chemical element takes part in this process?
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A certain functional enzyme transports groups from one substrate to another. What is the class of this enzyme?
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A patient complains of productive cough and general weakness. Laboratory analysis of sputum revealed larvae. It is a characteristic sign of:
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A 6-month-old child has a flat node On the skin of the back. The node is 3 cm in diameter, red, but becomes pale when pressed. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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Mucin aggregates retain water, which results in their viscosity and protective action. It is possible because mucin structure contains:
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During a brain surgery, stimulation of the cerebral cortex resulted in tactile and thermal sensations in the patient. What gyrus was stimulated?
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A Gram-negative mobile bacillus was obtained from patient, a provisionally diagnosed with typhoid fever. The obtained culture inoculated onto semi liquid Hiss media for identification. What phenomenon signifies the microbial breakdown of carbohydrates into acid?
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For differential diagnostics of meningitis, cerebrospinal fluid needs to be analyzed. Where is it safe to conduct a lumbar puncture?
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A 5-month-old child was prescribed an antibacterial therapy for treatment of bronchopneumonia. What substance has a negative effect on teeth development?
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The molecules of Mature mRNA in a cell are the carriers of genetic information about the sequence, in which certain amino acids must attach to each other. What is coded within the mRNA molecules?
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A boy has blood group I (I0 I0), while his sister has blood group IV (Ia IB). What his sister has blood group blood groups do their parents have?
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A patient with bronchial asthma developed acute respiratory insufficiency. What type of respiratory insufficiency develops in such cases?
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Synovial fluid is known to reduce friction of the joint surfaces. In rheumatism or arthritis its viscosity reduces because of depolymerization of the following substance:
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A 53-year-old woman complains of a painful swelling in her left parotid area. The swelling appeared 3 days ago. Objectively, the skin in this area is slightly hyperemic and tender. The excretory duct of the salivary gland produces a small amount of viscous turbid yellow-green liquid. Microscopy detects a diffuse infiltration of the gland with segmented neutrophils. Make the diagnosis:
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After examination, the signs of acromegaly were detected in a patient. What endocrine gland is involved in this pathological process?
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A patient with severe poisoning caused by an unknown substance was brought into an admission room. The patient is in a state of acute cardiac insufficiency. What cardiac glycosides must be given to the patient as an emergency aid?
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A man, his son, and his daughter have no premolars. The same anomaly observed in the patrilineal was grandfather. What pattern of inheritance is likely in this anomaly?
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Because of a trauma, a patient developed a skin defect. To remove the defect, the surgeons replaced this patch of skin with a skin patch taken from other body part of the same patient. What type of transplantation is it?
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Mother of a newborn has made an appointment with a neonatologist. The neonatologist determined that the child has brain maldevelopments. What has likely been damaged in the process of embryonic development?
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