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KROK 1 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 32-year-old woman was stung by a wasp. The site of the sting is edematous and hyperemic. What is the primary mechanism of edema formation in this case?
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A person has a wound in the abdomen in the right. What part of the colon is most likely to be damaged?
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A man has asked a cosmetologist to remove a tattoo from his shoulder What substance, contained in the connective tissue, limits the spread of the dye?
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A 16-year-old girl has no hair on the pubis and in the armpits, her mammary glands are underdeveloped. She has no menstruations. What hormone imbalance can these symptoms be the indicative of?
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A 3-year-old child has been brought by an ambulance to the intensive care unit of the infectious diseases hospital. On examination the child is in severe condition, skin and mucosa are dry, tissue turgor is reduced. The patient's history vomiting were observed throughout the previous day after the child had eaten food products of poor quality. What type of salt and water imbalance is likely to have developed in the patient?
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A man has facial asymmetry that becomes especially noticeable when he is trying to actively contract his facial muscles. What nerve is functionally impaired in this case?
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Autopsy of the body of a person, who died after an abdominal surgery, revealed numerous thrombi in the veins of the lesser pelvis. Clinically, thromboembolism syndrome was registered. Where should the pathologist search for thromboembolas?
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One of the parts of the central nervous system has a layered arrangement of neurons, among which there are stellate, spindle-shaped, horizontal, and pyramidal cells. This structure corresponds with the following part of the nervous system:
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A lab rat has subcutaneously received mercury(II) chloride in the amount of 5 ours later the plasma creatinine concentration increased several times. What mechanism of retention azotemia is observed in this case?
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Autopsy of the body of a 40-year-old patient detected groups of enlarged follicles in the small intestine. Iheir surface has ridges and fissures arranged in a pattern that resembles gyri and sulci of the brain. nie follicles protrude above the surface of the intestinal mucosa. On section they are gray-red and juicy. Microscopy shows proliferation of monocytes, histiocytes, and reticular cells, there are macrophage clusters that form granulomas, while lymphocytes are depleted. What disease can be characterized by these changes?
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A patient has been taking bisacodyl for a long time to treat chronic constipation. However, several weeks later the aperient effect of the drug diminished. What is the possible cause of this?
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The Wasserman reaction is markedly positive (++++) in a 30-year-old man. What Infectious disease is diagnosed using the Wasserman reaction?
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A 43-year-old man came to a neurologist with complaints of shortness of breath, chest pain, hiccups, and problematic cough movements. What nerves are affected in this case?
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The dorsal root of the spinal nerve of a test animal was severed. What changes will occur in the innervation area?
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A patient with an injury of the greater psoas muscle was delivered to the traumatology center. •me patient has lost the ability to extend the lower leg at the knee joint. What nerve is damaged?
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Histology of the thyroid gland that was removed in the course of a surgery reveals destruction and atrophy of the follicles and a diffuse lymphocytic infiltration with formation of lymphoid follicles in the stroma. This type of thyroiditis belongs to the following group of diseases:
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A patient was hospitalized in a comatose state. patient has a 5-year- long history of diabetes mellitus type 2. Objectively respiration is noisy, deep. Blood glucose is 15.2 mmol/L, ketone bodies — 100 micromoVL. These signs arc characteristic of the following diabetes complication:
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After 10 days of antibiotic treatment, the patient developed signs of dysbiosis: dyspeptic phenomena, candidomycosis, jaundice, and photosensitization. It means that the patient was taking an antibiotic of the following group:
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Clinical and biochemical examination of a patient revealed sickle cell anemia. Measurement of what blood component was decisive for the diagnosis in this case?
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A patient for a long time was on an imbalanced diet low in proteins, which resulted in hepatic fatty infiltration. This condition is likely to develop if a certain substance is absent in a person's diet. Name this substance:
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Mitochondrial respiratory chain contains complex cytochrome proteins. What type of reactions do they catalyze?
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Analysis of a clear lemon-yellow liquid obtained from a patient via abdominal tap shows the following: relative density - 1012, albumin — 1%, globulins — 0.2%, no fibrinogen, leukocytes - 1—3 in the vision field. The liquid is sterile; it did not curdle after an hour. Which of the listed phenomena is associated with such findings?
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On examination a woman presents with a swelling, distended veins, and node formation on the medial surface of her thigh. It is a pathology of the following vein:
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A man is being treated for chronic pneumonia for a long time. Microsco of sputum smears stained using the Zieli Nielsen method reveals red bacilli 0.25x4 microns in size, located separately or sometimes in small clusters. What disease
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A child was diagnosed with helminths. What changes in the peripheral blood will be observed with this pathology?
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A 45-year-old woman presents with breast cancer. Metastases the most likely will spread in this case to the following regional lymph nodes:
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A histological preparation demonstrates a gland. In its lobules there are acini with secretory cells that have two zones. 'Iheir basal zone is homogeneous basophilic, while the apical one is zymogenic oxyphilic. What organ has these key morphological features?
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A person has died of an acute Infectious disease accompanied tl fever, and mucosa, as well as acute renal failure. Histology of the renal tissues (Romanowsky-Giemsa stain) shows curved bacteria that resemble Icttcrs bacteria were found?
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After a long course of treatment of sluggish schizophrenia, a man developed signs of parkinsonism. Which of the following drugs could have caused this complication?
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A 25-year-old man complains of general weakness, chills, and sore throat. body temperature is 38.6°C. What cells are the main source of endogenous pyrogcns that cause the fever in the patient?
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A man had a trauma and subsequent hemorrhagic bursitis of the left knee joint. When he was examined 3 months later, he had a limited range of motion in this joint because of scar formation. What component of inflammation is the basis for the development of this complication?
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It has been established that from the receives 20-25 times less energy than a healthy cell. This phenomenon indicates the following change in the tumor glucose metabolism:
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The first-aid center has received a third of the thigh. For repositioning of bone fragments the patient received 10 mL of 2% dithylinum solution intravenously, which resulted in a prolonged period oF apnoea and muscle relaxation. What is deficient, resulting in such pharmacogenctic enzymopa1hY?
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A man complains that at a mention of past tragic events in his life he develops tachycardia, shortness of breath, and a sharp increase in blood pressure. What structures of the central nervous system enable such cardiorespiratory responses?
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Divers risk developing decompression when ascending quickly trom the depth to the surface, which can result in fatal gas embolism. What gas is released in this case?
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As a result of the injury, the spinal cord of a person was darna ed with a complete its ru ture at the level of the first cervical vertegra. How will the breathing of the patient change?
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A paticnt has a trauma of the knee joint with crushed patella. With such injury, it is likely that the tendon of a certain thigh muscle is damaged. Name this muscle:
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You work with the following specimens: 1) brucellosis topical vaccine; 2) leptospirosis vaccine; 3) BCG vaccine; 4) adsorbed diphtheria-tetanus pertussis vaccine (DTP vaccine); 5) tetanus toxoid adsorbed. What kind of immunity do they produce?
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The danrous moments in the pathogenesis o myocardial necrosis is the further expansion of the zones of necrosis. dystrophy, and ischemia. An important role in this process belongs to the increased oxygen consumption by the myocardium. What substances contribute to this process?
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Patients with ischemic heart disease are usually prescribed small doses of aspirin. This drug inhibits synthesis of platelet aggregation activator, thromboxane A2. What substance is this activator synthesized from?
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