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KROK 1 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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After eating fatty foods, the patient develops nausea, heartburn, and steatorrhea. What is the likely cause of this condition?
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A man presents with noticeable progressive muscular dystrophy. What indicator of urinary nitrogen metabolism is characteristic 01 this condition?
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A 25-year-old man came to a neurologist with complaints of a weakness in his legs and disturbcd gait, The doctor diagnosed him with myasthenia gravis and prescribed him proscrin injections. What is the mechanism of action of this medicine?
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A patient has elevated blood pressure due to increased vascular tone. To lower the blood pressure in this case it is necessary to prescribe the blockers of:
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It is known that hepatitis D virus belongs to defective viruses and can reproduce in the host cells only in the presence of virus of:
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People, who live in mountainous areas, have an increased erythrocyte count in blood, which may be caused by an increase in production of the following in the kidneys:
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A 30-year-old man with bacteriologically confirmed dysentery developed signs of paraproctitis. What stage of local changes IS the most likely observed in this patient?
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An infant presents with colored sclerae and mucous membranes. Infant's urine becomes dark when exposed to air Homogentisic acid was detected in blood and urine. What disease is likely to be the cause of the infant's condition?
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Chest x-ray of a newborn child With convulsive syndrome and a defect of the interventricular septum revealed thyrnus hypoplasia. What type of immunodefictency can be suspected in the
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A 23-year-old woman came to the emergency department complaining of bloody diarrhea, fatigue and confusion. A few days earlier, she went to a fast food restaurant for a birthday party. Her friends are experiencing similar symptoms. laboratory studies show anemia. Which of the followmg would you most likely obtain for microbiologic testing?
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A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with macrofocal myocardial infarction of the left ventricle anterior wall. In which artery is the blood flow impaired in this case?
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A couple gave birth to a son with hemophilia. "Ihe parents themselves are healthy, but the maternal grandfather has hemophilia. Determine the type of inheritance of this trait:
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A woman came to a genetic consultancy, concerned about the risk of ivin birth to a son with hemophilia. er usband has been suffering from this disorder since birth. The woman is healthy and there were no people with hemophilia her ancestors. Determine the likelihood of a boy with hemophilia being born in this family:
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Microscopy of a lung tissue shows an inflamed area that consists of a necrotic focus surrounded by regular rows of epithelioid and lymphoid cells. tlhere are plasma cells, macrophages, and Pirogov- imnghans giant multinucleated cells. Specify the type of such inflammation.
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When examining a child, the pediatrician noted that the child presents with delayed physical and mental development. Urinalysis showed an acute increase in the levels of a keto acid that produces a qualitative color reaction with ferric chloride. What metabolic disturbance was detected in this case?
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Anaprilin (propranoloD. therapy had a positive effect on the disease course in a 44-year-old woman with angina pectoris. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
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During an abdominal surgery, a reflex cardiac arrest has occurred. Where is this reflex center located?
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A bite of a venomous snake can provoke hemolytic jaundice in a person. What blood plasma value would be the first to increase in a bitten person?
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Ihe process of tissue respiration is accompanied by oxydation of organic compounds and synthesis of macroergic molecules. In what organelles does this process occur?
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A 16-year-old boy from the rural area entered the technical school. During a regular Mantoux test, it turned out that this boy had a negative reaction, What tactics should the doctor choose as the most rational in this case?
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A 48-year-old man died with signs of heart failure. Macroscopy of the heart shows thats the mitral valve cusps are densed, thickened, and moderately deformed. Microscopically the bundles of collagen fibrils are homogenized eosinophilic and surrounded with slight macrophage infiltration, no metachromasia. Picrofuchsin staining reveals yellow foci. Diagnose the type connective tissue damage :
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A man has suffered a recurrent intramural myocardial infarction. After a course of treatment and rehabilitation, he was discharged from the hospital in a satisfactory condition and registered for regular check-ups with his therapist. Two years later he died in a car crash. What type of the pathological process was detected in his myocardium during the autopsy?
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A patient with bilateral adrenal damage developed dark brown skin color. Histochemical analysis of the patient’s skin shows negative perls reaction. What pigment caused the skin discoloration in this case?
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General adaptation syndrome is realized predominantly through neuroendocrine system. What link of this system is leading in the pathogenesis of development rection?
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In the 1970s scientists determined that severe cases of neonatal jaundice are caused by disturbed conjugation of bilirubin in hepatocytes. What substance is used for conjugate formation?
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A woman with the III (B), Rh (-) blood group gave birth to a child with the II (A) blood group. The child is diagnosed with hemolytic disease of newborn caused by rhesus incompatibility. What blood group and Rh are likely in the father?
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Because of a common bile duct obstruction detected on the X-ray, the bile stopped flowing into the duodenum. What process is expected to become disturbed in this case?
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A young man underwent an IFA test for HIV antibodies and received a positive result. However, he insists on a test that would be able to definitively prove the presence of antibodies to this virus in him What test should be conducted to confirm the diagnosis?
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The substances are excreted from the cell, when membrane structure of the Golgi apparatus connects to the cell membrane. The content of this structure is then expelled from the cell. The process is called :
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A man, who dicd of internalbleeding (hemoperitoncum), had a dark-red sponge-like node 15x10 cm in size in the subcapsular region of the liver.The node is clearly separated from the surrounding tissues. Microscopically, the node tissue consists of large vascular thin-walled cavities. lined with endothcliocytes and filled with-liquid or coagulated btood.What typc of tumor is it?
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A 35-year-old woman started starving herself. What depot of nutrients is used during the initial stage of starvation? How does respiratory quotient (RO) change during this period
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A 24-year-old woman was hospitalized with complaints of headache, lumbar pain, face edema, and general weakness. One month ago she had a case of tonsillitis. On admission into the hospital her blood pressure is 180/110 mm Hg. In urinc:marked proteinuria, microhematuria, leukocyturia. What type of hypertension is it?
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Toxic damage of hepatocytes and disturbed protein syntesis has causcd a sharp drop in the paticnt's plasma albumin levels and markedly low oncotic pressure. What phenomenon will develop as a result of these changes?
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A bacteriological laboratory studied canned meat that caused a severe toxicoinfection. Microscopy of the culture grown on Kitt-Tarozzi medium shows Gram-positive spore-forming bacilli that resemble a tennis racket. What diagnosis will be made by the doctor?
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A child that frequently develops Tonsillitis and pharyngitis presents with enlarged lymph nodes and spleen. The child looks pale and paste, with poorly developed muscle tissue Lymphocytosis is observed in the child's blood. What type of diathesis is it?
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Autopsy of the body of a woman revealed the following morphological changes: stenosis of the atrioventricular opening, mitral insufficiency. Histologically there are focal cardiosclerosis and "blooming" Aschoff nodules in the myocardium. What is the most likely diagnosis?
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In an experiment on lab rats, electrical brain stimulation caused hungry animals to refuse food. What brain structure was stimulated?
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A specimen of a 10-day-old human embryo shows two interconnected sacs (amniotic and yolk sacs). Name the structure located in the place where these two sacs connect:
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After a recovery from meningoencephalitis, the patient presents with some residual signs, such as facial nerve damage on the right. What group of muscles will be affected because of this pathology?
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Systemic arterial pressure of an adult person lowercd from 120/70 to 90/50 mm Hg and caused reflexive vasoconstriction. In what organ will the vessels be the most constricted?
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