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KROK 1 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A man is 33 years old. His condition fasts for 10 years already Periodically he makes an appointment with the doctor, complaining of acute stomachach seizures, and vision impairment Similar signs are observed in the patient's relatives.Patient's urine is red. He was hospitalized with diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria. This condition can be caused by disturbed synthesis of
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A patient with inoperable lung cancer accompanied by unbearable pain was prescribed an analgesic. Against the background of analgesic therapy the patient developed signs of intestinal obstruction. What analgesic could have caused this complication?
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A person with mushroom poisoning, who accidentally ate a fly agaric. Was brought into the inpatient department. Beside gastric lavage, activated charcoal. enteral administration of salt-based laxatives, and detoxification infusions the patient was prescribed atropine sulfate injections, which significantly reduced the signs of poisoning Specify the type of interaction between muscarine (fly agaric alkaloid) and atropine sulfate:
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A person in a state of rest forsibily makes his own respirations deep and frequent fpr 3-4 min . How does it affect the acid-base balance of the person ?
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A 35-year-old man was prescribed atropine sulfate eyedrops for examination of the fundus of the eye. To restore accommodation he was given pilocarpine hydrochloride eyedrops which turned out to be ineffective. Why was pilocarpine hydrochloride ineffective in this case ?
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During inflammation modelling in a frog's mesentery Icukocyte margination and cmigration through the vessel wall were observed. What factor causes this process
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An oligomycin antibiotic inhibits ATP synthase. In what process does this enzyme take part ?
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A 38-year-old woman complains of constant thirst frequent urination, low appctite, and headache. Her urine is colorless, clear, slightly acidic, without glucose. Her 24-hour diuresis is up to 12 liters. This condition can be caused by low levels of a certain hormone. Name this hormone:
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Genc expression is regulated by various mechanisms. What DNA segments activate the gene expression, when induced?
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A patient was diagnosed with bronchial asthma. What changes in the patient's pulmonary ventilation will be observed?
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Micro traumas of oral mucosa occur daily during eating. However, bleeding in such cases quickly stops because of
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A 49-year-old woman had a long history of chronic glomerulonephritis, of which she dicd. Autopsy shows that her kidneys are 7x3x25 cm in size, have weight of 65.0 g. are dense and lincly granular. Fibrinous inlammation of serous and mucous tunics, dystrophic degeneration of parenchymal organs, and cerebral cdema were detected as well. What complication caused such changes in the serous tunics and internal organs?
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A 12-year-old boy presents with high levels of all aliphatic amino acids in hisurine, with cystine and cysteine excretionlevels being the highest. Additionally, renalultrasound detected kidney stones. What is the most likely pathology in this case?
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Eubiotic colicin is used for discase treatment and prevention. This protein suppresses the growth of pathogenic microorganisms Colicin can be synthesized in the intestinc by non-pathogenic bacilli. What structure codes the ability of a bacterial cell to synthesire colicins?
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A patient with streptococcal infection of the gingiva was prescribed a drug with 3 lactam ring in its structure, What drug of those listed below belongs to this pharmacological group
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The patient's examination detected an inflammation of a certain anatomical structure that requires the pressure between the tympanic cavity and the pharynx. Name this structure?
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Some people have a hereditary disease with a complex of symptoms that include hepatic cirrhosis and dystrophic processes in the brain. This disease is accompanied by decreasing plasma ceruloplasmin levels and disturbed copper metabolism. What disease is it?
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Excessive intake of carbohydrates (600 8 per day) that surpasses the energy needs of a 28-year-old person will activate the process of:
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A patient with streptococcal pneumonia was prescribed an antimicrobial drug that disrupts formation of microbial shell. What drug is it?
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In a 35-year-old woman diabetes mellitus was complicated by development and progression of cataract that is likely to be caused by:
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A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit of the 2nd day after the disease onset. The patient’s suspected to have infectious mononucleosis. What results of laboratory analysis can confirm this diagnosis immediately on the day of the hospitalization?
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After exacerbation of chronic calculous cholecystitis, the patient developed acute jaundice. During ECG it was noted that against the background of normal sinus rhythm (heart rate is 51/min.) there are periodical extrasystoles. What mechanism is the most likely cause of disturbed electrical activity of the heart?
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A 25-year-old patient against the background of acute pneumonia with fever of 40.1°C presents with leukocytosis of 14.9 g/L with a marked left shift in the leukogram. What factor directly increases both proliferation and differentiation of leukocytes in the bone marrow?
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Lipoid acid was removed from the diet of test animals, which resulted in inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in these animals. What is the function of lipoic acid in relation to this enzyme?
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A young man came to a hospital with complaints of disturbed urination. Examination of his external genitalia revealed the top, with urine flowing out of this opening. What type of external genitalia maldevelopment is observed in this case?
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Normally, the maternal and fetal blood circulation have no direct connection. The fetal blood flows through the vessels in the chorionic villi, while maternal blood circulates through the intervillous space of the endometrium. What separates fetal and maternal blood?
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A 64-year-old man has signs of acute metabolic and energy exchange problems. Computed tomography detected a tumor in one of the brain regions. What cerebral structure that plays a major role in metabolism regulation can be affected in this case?
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Gram negative bacilli that form a capsule on a nutrient medium were obtained from the nasopharynx of a patient provisionally diagnosed with ozena. What microorganisms are the cause of the patient’s condition?
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An 11-year-old girl is brought to the doctor's office by her mother who complains that her daughter presents with weakness and swollen face for 3 days. The mother states that her daughter had always been healthy and active until the onset of symptoms. Physical examination reveals generalized swelling of the face and pitting edema on the lower limbs. Upon inquiry, the girl describes a foamy appearance of her urine but denies blood in urine, nocturnal urinary frequency, or pain during urination. Laboratory study shows proteinuria and microscopic hematuria. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the findings in the laboratory study of urine?
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A child underwent a tuberculin skin lest (Mantoux test). 48 hours later the child developcd a papule reaching 10 mm in diameter at the injection site. These changes are caused by the following mechanism of hypersensitivity:
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DNA diagnostics polymerase chain reaction was using the forensic investigation of the russian royal familys and remains and of the body of ukrainian journalist george's gongadze polymerase chain reaction method is based on
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A man with chronic hyperacid gastritis developed pain in the joints. Taking into account his concomitant pathology, he was prescribed, celecoxib for pain relief. Selective action of this drug towards a certain enzyme ensures that it does not affect gastric mucosa. Name this enzyme:
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Obturation of the patient's bile duct resulted in decreased bile flow into the duodenum, which, in turn, caused problems with absorption of
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A 25-year-old young man came to the doctor complaining of general weakness, rapid fatigability, irritability, reduced working ability and bleeding gums. What vitamin is likely to be deficient in this case ?
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Antileukocytic antibodies are detected in the blood of a patient with leukopenia. What type of Coombs-Gell hypersensitivity reaction developed in this case?
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62-year-old women developed cataract(lenticular opacity) against the background of diabetes mellitus. What type of protein modification occurs in case of diabetic cataract development?
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Autopsy of the body ol a woman with a history of chronic dyscntery includes histology of the internal organs Histologically, in the renal and myocardial stroma and parenchyma, gastric mucosa, and pulmonary connective tissue there are amorphous violet deposits that produce positive Von Kossa reaction. What complication developcd in this woman?
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An older woman has broken her arm four times already. What substance makes bones more fragile, if its concentration is increased?
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A 56-year-old patient with heart failure has edema of feet and shins. The skin in the edematous area is pale and cold. What is the leading link of edema pathogenesis in this patient?
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It is known that people with genetically determined glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase insufficiency can develop hemolysis of red blood cells in response to certain antimalarial drugs. Such atypical reaction to medicines is called :
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