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KROK 1 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Fever development he characterized by increased levels of acute- phase proteins cenuloplaumin, librinogen, Creadive protein Specify the most likely mechanism of this phenomen
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A 2-year-old child drank eyedrops from the first-aid kit. The child's condition is severe: there are excessive sweating and salivation, asthmatic breathing, cough, pinpoint pupils, dull heart sounds, and bradycardia. The child has diarrhea, the intestinal peristalsis is intensified, the blood pressure is low. What drug has caused the poisoning?
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A 55-year-old man was examined by the endocrinologist because of a disturbance in the pancreatic endocrine function. This disturbance manifests as decreased blood glucagon levels. What cells of this gland do not function properly in this case ?
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Autopsy of the body of a 52-year-old man, who had a long history of tuberculous prostatitis and died of meningoencephalitis. detected a large number of dense gray nodules 0.5-1 mm in diameter in the pia mater at the basal and lateral surfaces of the brain, spleen kidneys, and liver Histologically. these nodules consist of epithelioid, lymphoid and a small number of giant cells with horseshoe-shaped nuclei located at the periphery of the cell. These changes indicate
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A paticnt with a chemical burn has developed esophagcal stenosis. The patient presents with acute weight loss due to probiemalic lood intake. In blood test: erythrocytes 3.0 10/L Hb 106 gL, total protein- 57 g/L. What type of starvation does this patient sulfer from?
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ECG of a patient with hyperthyroidism shows an increased heart rate. What ecg element will be shortened, indicating this
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An older woman experienced a severe stress. Her blood levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline sharply increased. What enzymes catalyze the process of catecholamine inactivation?
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Slow filling of the stomach or urinary bladder, without exceeding the physiological norm, causes no increased pressure in these organs. This phenomenon is based on the following ability of the smooth muscles:
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A patient presents with plosis (drooping cyelid). divergent strabismus, disturbed accommodation, and dilated pupils. It indicates a damage to the nuclei of a certain pair of the cranial nerves. What pair of nerves is damaged?
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Unlike the nerve cells that do not reproduce, the stem cell can regenerate multiple times. The process of repeated cell regeneration is called:
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A sample of the discharge from the affected pharyngeal mucosa was obtained from a sick child, provisionally diagnosed with diphtheria. A smear was prepared and stained. Microscopy detected there yellow bacilli with dark blue thickened ends. What structural element of a microbial cell was detected in the obtained microorganisms?
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Genealogical analysis of a child with myotonic dystrophy determined that this disease is present in every generation, occurs equally frequent in the relatives of both genders, the risk of inheriting this disease is equal no matter which parent is affected. If one of the parents is heterozygous for this disease and the other parent is healthy, the risk of them giving birth to a sick child is 50%. What type of disease inheritance is it?
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Autopsy of the body of a 35-year-old drug addicted man with a long history of librocavitary pulmonary tuberculosis shows enlarged and dense spleen and kidneys On section their tissues are grayish and have a fatty shen. Microscopically, in the red and white splenic pulp and in the renal glomerular interstitium and mesangium there are deposits of Congo red. positive masses Diagnose the type of damage to the internal organs
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A 70-year-old man presents with atherosclerosis that was complicated by leg thrombosis. He developed a gangrenein the toes of his left foot. The onset of thrombus formation is most likely associated with:
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An electronic microphotography of a part of a kidney show cells with large secretory granules in their cytoplasm in the wall of afferent and efferent arterioles. What renal structure has such cells?
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A patient with burn disease developed DIC syndrome as a complication. What stage of DIC syndrome is likely in this case, if Lee-White clotting time is less than 3 minutes?
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Before tooth extraction the patient was given conduction anesthesia with lidocaine After lidocaine was administered, the patient developed edema and hyperemia around the injection site, itching skin general weakness, hypotension, and motor Excitation. What complication occurred in this case?
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A patient with microspherocytic hemolytic anemia (Minkowski-Chaufland disease) presents with increased permeability of erythrocyte membrane, which causes increased entry of sodium ions and water into the cell. As a result, erythrocytes assume the shape of spherocytes and can be easily destroyed. What is the leading mechanism of erythrocyte damage in this case?
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For oxidation of fatty acids, a transport system is necessary. Such system must include an alkanolamine that transports fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane Name this compound:
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On examination the patient was determined to have a strong. balance, inert type of higher nervous activity according to Pavlov's classification. What temperament according to Hippocrates is it?
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Ultrasound of the pregnant women shows normal functioning of the fetal cardiovascular system and ductus arteriosus. What vessels are connected by the ductus arteriosus ?
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Hemopoietic stem cells were damaged by radiation exposure, which resulted in disturbed formation of certain connective tissue cells :
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A 15-year-old teenager was hospitalized into the allergology department with diagnosis of bronchial asthma. In this case the development of main clinical signs is caused by overproduction of certain antibodies. Name these antibodies:
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Abdominal cavity revision detected a venous bleeding from the hepatoduodenal ligament. What vein is damaged?
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A patient has crystalline lens dislocation and spidery fingers. What syndrome can be diagnosed, considering that the patient also has disturbed development of connective tissue and deformed hands and feet?
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A 28-year-old woman has seropurulent conjunctivitis and complains of painful urination. A conjunctival scrape was obtained for analysis. Microscopy shows inclusions in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. Inoculation of the pathologic material onto nutrient media produced no growth. However, inoculation of chicken embryos by the yolk sac route allowed obtaining the culture of the causative agent. What microorganism is the most likely causative agent?
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A man was hospitalized in a comatose state. He has a 5-ycar-long history of diabetes mellitus type 2. Objectively, the patient's respiralion is noisy, deep, with acetone breath odor. Blood glucose is 18.2 mmol/L, ketone bodies- 100 micromol/L These signs are characteristic of the of following diabetes complication:
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Clinical course of urolithiasis was complicated by the passage of a renal calculus. Where in the ureter is it most likely to stop?
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The molecules of mature mRNA are the carriers of genetic information about the sequence, in which certain amino acids must attach to each other. What is coded in the mRNA molecules?
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Blood test shows low hemoglobin levels. What function of the blood will be disturbed in this case?
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A patient is suspected to have typhoid fever. For two weeks no laboratory diagnosis was made. What material must be sent to the laboratory for bacteriological analysis during the third week after the onset of the disease?
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A person was hospitalized into the intensive care unit in a state of hypoxia, caused by aspiration of vomitus Objectively, the patient's condition is severe; the skin is moist, pale, and acrocyanotic. Tachypnea, tachycardia, and low blood pressure are noted. Which of the listed signs of acutely progressing hypoxia is an emergency defensive and adaptational reaction of the body?
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To treat utricaria and remove the itching skin rash, a patient was prescribed dimedrol (diphenhydramine). What mechanism of action that this drug is effective in such cases ?
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An ophthalmologist used 1% mesaton (phenylephrine) solution for diagnostic purposes (dilation of pupils for examination of the fundus of the eye). In this case, drug-induced mydriasis is caused by:
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Due to a trauma, the olfactory filaments, emerging from the nasal cavity, were torn. Through what bone do they pass normally?
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A patient presents with a pinpoint pupil that does not dilate, when the lighting changes. Where was the central nervous system damaged?
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ECG of a woman with ischemic heart discase shows the following: heart rate 230/min., deformed P wave, ventricular complexes remain unchanged. What heart rhythm disorder is it?
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When eating food that contains gluten protein person can develop celine discase (gluten disease). The following signs are characteristic for this condition the intestinal villi degenerate and lose their absorptive function, while patient develops diarrhea, steatorrhea, abdominal distention weight loss, and other extraintestinal sigus. Gluten is a protein of:
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A patient was treating chronic edema syndrome with furosemide. In the process he developed disturbed cation composition of blood plasma. What should be used to correct the cation composition?
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Auscultation shows a pathological noise in the second intercostal region near the sternum. What valve is likely to be damaged?
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