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KROK 1 Medicine 2023 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2023 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
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Laboratory diagnostics of hepatitis B has determined the presence of viral DNA in the patient's blood. What reaction is usually used for this purpose?
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Residents of areas with a cold a certain hormone that has an adaptive thermoregulatory value. What hormone is it?
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A patient has an attack of bronchospasm. What membrane cytoreceptors of bronchial smooth muscles should be stimulated to improve the patient's condition?
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A patient was hospitalized with the provisional diagnosis of diphyllobothriasis. What food products could have caused this disease?
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A patient has an abscess in the left inguinal region. The patient developed complaints of general weakness, fever that in the evening reaches 38.5°C and normalizes in the morning, and painful red skin in the area of abscess localization. What type of temperature curve can be observed in this patient?
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A 9-year-old child developed a severe case of purulent destructive pneumonia, for which the child was receiving a massive antibacterial therapy. The disease: was rapidly progressing. Against the background of marked intoxication, a sharp drop in blood pressure was registered, the child went into a state of shock that resulted in the child's death. What etiopathogenetic type of shock developed in the child?
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A 56-year-old patient complains of an acute pain attack in the area of the right ankle joint. Objectively, the joint is hyperemic, edematous, and hot to the touch. The levels of uric acid in the blood are elevated. For the treatment of this pathology, the doctor prescribed a drug that inhibits xanthine oxidase. What drug is it?
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As a result of cerebral hemorrhage, the patient developed impaired speech perception (sensory aphasia). What brain structure is likely to be damaged in this case?
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A 43-year-old man was hospitalized with complaints of fever with chills, loss of appetite, malaise, diarrhea, and diffuse abdominal pain, observed for the last week. The fever started slowly and gradually increased to the current 39.8°C. The blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg. Objectively, the tongue is coated, the spleen is enlarged, and there is a roseola rash on the abdomen. The Widal agglutination test to O-antigen is positive with titer of 1:200. What microorganism is the most likely cause of the patient's condition in this case?
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In a scientific experiment, a structure in one of the cell components has been destroyed, impairing the cell's ability to divide. What structure has been destroyed?
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In adipocytes of adipose tissue, the pentose-phosphate pathway has the nature of a cycle. What is the main function of this cycle in adipose tissue?
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A 45-year-old man with acute pneumonia was prescribed a penicillin antibiotic. However, when tested for personal tolerance to this antibiotic, he developed an allergic response. What drug should be prescribed for treatment in this case?
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Examination of a 32-year-old man revealed disproportionate skeletal structure and enlarged brow bones, nose, lips, tongue, jawbones, and feet. What is the likely cause for the development of these disorders?
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Examination of a patient shows the following: blood pressure-180/110 mm Hg, heart rate 95/min. X-ray detects narrowing of one of the renal arteries. What system was activated, causing the hypertensive state in this patient?
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A 35-year-old woman came for a follow-up visit two weeks after a case of COVID-19. ECG detects a decrease in the voltage of the waves, the P wave is unchanged and connected to the QRS complex, the duration of the PQ interval is 0.32 seconds. What type of arrhythmia did the patient develop?
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Examination detects a dysfunction of the nodes in the patient's cardiac conduction system. In this case, blood circulation disorders have occurred in the basin of the following artery
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How can vitamin D deficiency manifest in an adult?
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Autopsy of the body of a 1.5-year- old child revealed a hemorrhagic skin rash, moderate hyperemia and edema of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, small hemorrhages in the mucosa and internal organs, markedly dystrophic changes in the liver and myocardium, acute necrotizing nephrosis, and massive hemorrhages in the adrenal glands. These changes are characteristic of the following disease:
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A 55-year-old patient complains of pain in the joints that becomes worse before changes in the weather. Blood tests detect high levels of uric acid. What substance is breaking down, likely causing this condition in the patient?
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A was hospitalized with provisional diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. What enzyme activity must be measured in the patient's blood and urine to confirm this diagnosis?
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A patient was hospitalized with complaints of periodic attacks of palpitations that pass on their own. ECG detected an episode of contractions with the rate of 200/min. and the following characteristics: regular rhythm, no P wave, unchanged QRS complex, deformed T wave. What type of arrhythmia is it?
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A patient was hospitalized with the provisional diagnosis of typhoid fever. The disease onset was three days ago. The temperature is 39°C. What method of laboratory diagnostics must be used to confirm this diagnosis?
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A patient was prescribed a drug with methionine to maintain liver function. Synthesis of what substance is ensured in this case?
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A 38-year-old patient died with multiple thromboembolisms of various organs. In the cardiac tissue, macrophage granulomas were detected in the valvular and parietal endocardium with endocardial damage and deposition of thrombotic masses. Macrophage granulomas were detected in the myocardium, as well. These pathological changes are characteristic of the following disease:
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Against the background of ionizing radiation exposure, decrease in the granulocyte count was detected in the patient's blood. What causes agranulocytosis in this case?
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A patient with leukemia was prescribed 5-fluorouracil. What is the mechanism of action of this drug?
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A patient died of secondary bacterial pneumonia. Autopsy revealed pale yellow muscles with numerous foci of calcinosis. In the muscles, microscopy shows dystrophic changes, absence of striations, and reduced glycogen levels. Edema and inflammation were detected in the stroma. The cellular infiltrate is represented by lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. Sclerotic changes were detected in the heart, lungs, and liver. These pathological changes are characteristic of the following disease:
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Nosocomial pneumonia was diagnosed in a 38-year-old inpatient. The doctor prescribed the patient a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is resistant to ß-lactamases, inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial membrane, and practically cannot be degraded by dehydropeptidase-1 in the renal tubules. What antibiotic did the patient receive?
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Chemically, thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine) are amino acid derivatives. Name this amino acid.
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The parents with normal hearing have two daughters and a son, who are congenitally deaf. Their other 5 children are healthy. What is the pattern of deafness inheritance in this case?
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Analysis of the patient's ECG recorded in the I, II, and III standard leads shows that the P wave is positive in each one of them What does it indicate?
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A certain infectious agent can damage mucosa, cause inflammation of internal organs, sepsis, provoke formation of blue-green pus, and is quite resistant to most antibiotics. What pathogen is it?
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A 49-year-old patient complains of persistently elevated blood pressure (155/120 mm Hg). The recommended hypotensive therapy, lasting for a month, was ineffective. Additional examination detected hypernatremia, hypochloremia, and adrenal hyperplasia. The diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism was made. Because surgical treatment was impossible in this case, the patient was recommended a pharmacological therapy with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. What drug was recommended for the patient?
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A patient complains of frequent bleeding from the gums. Blood test detects deficiency of blood coagulation factor II (prothrombin). What phase of blood coagulation is primarily disturbed in this patient?
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There are several stages in the process of translation. At one of these stages, a complex forms that consists of a ribosome, mRNA, and aminoacyl-tRNA-methionine. What is the name of this stage?
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A 44-year-old woman has arterial hypertension caused by a pheochromocytoma a tumor of the adrenal medulla. What group of antihypertensive drugs should be prescribed for this patient?
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There is a time limit for how long a person can stay at an altitude of over 800 meters above sea level without oxygen tanks. What is the limiting factor for the life under such conditions?
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Autopsy of the body of a man who died of croupous pneumonia revealed an opaque liquid in the pleural cavity and a grayish film on the visceral pleura. What type of inflammation is observed on the visceral pleura?
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After falling from a tree, a person has problems with extending an arm into a horizontal position. What muscle most likely has been injured in this case?
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A 35-year-old has been man hospitalized with complaints of a runny nose and headache that last for 5 days already. After examination, he was diagnosed with maxillary sinusitis (inflammation of the maxillary sinus). Through what nasal passage did the infection reach this sinus?
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