HomeKROK Question Archive
KROK Question Archive
KROK 2 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 2 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
Exam questions
450 Questions361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400
After semolina was introduced into the diet, a 1-year-old child for 2 months has been presenting with loss of appetite, irritability, loss of body mass, and loss of previously learned skills. The feces are copious and foul-smelling. The skin is pale and dry, the hair is brittle. The abdomen is distended, while the limbs are thin. Stool test shows high levels of fatty acids. What is the most likely diagnosis?
View question and answer
A 17-year-old girl complains of a pain and swelling of her second finger on the right hand. Three days ago she made a manicure. The pain developed on the second day after that. Objectively, her nail fold is swolen, hyperemic, overhangs the nail plate, and is painful on palpation. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
View question and answer
A quarry produces granite, which is then broken into pieces with explosives and manual pneumatic hammers. When breaking granite rocks and drilling blast holes for the explosives, the workers are exposed to local vibration of medium and high frequency. Vibration measurement revealed that it exceeds the maximum permissible level. What specific changes can develop in the workers as the result of prolonged exposure to such working conditions?
View question and answer
A 65-year-old man complains of cough attacks that occur when he eats liquid foods. Three months ago he was diagnosed with a carcinoma in the upper third of the esophagus. He underwent radiation therapy. What complication developed in this man?
View question and answer
A 32-year-old woman complained of sudden piercing headache and fell wn unconscious. In an ambulance, an ergency physician noted her severe dition, sopor, and meningeal syndrome. er her hospitalization, the lumbar cture yielded bloody cerebrospinal Her cerebrospinal fluid pressure 60 mm H2O. Make the provisional diagnosis:
View question and answer
On the 10th day after giving birth a woman came to a doctor complaining of high temperature of 38°C and sudden pain, hyperemia, and an induration in her left breast. Objectively, the skin of her left mammary gland has local hyperemia in its upper outer quadrant. During its palpation the pain intensifies. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
View question and answer
An 8-year-old girl after a case of acute respiratory infection has been complaining for the last 2 weeks of a pain in the area of her heart and palpitations. Objectively, her body temperature is febrile, her skin is pale, the heart borders are extended to the left, heart rate is 142/min. The girl presents with paired atrial extrasystoles. dull heart sounds, and a low intensity systolic murmur that reaches its maximum at point 5. Make the provisional diagnosis:
View question and answer
A 24-year-old man has fallen on his feet from a fourth floor balcony, He felt a sharp pain in his back, because of which he was unable to stand up unassisted. Examination shows smoothed out lumbar lordosis. The spine axial load is positive. Palpation of the spinous processes, especially of Th12, is painful. Sensitivity and mobility of the legs are not disturbed. Make the diagnosis:
View question and answer
During medical examination of high and middle school students, the doctors were assessing correlation between biological and calendar age of the school students based on the following criteria: height growth rate per year, ossification of the carpal bones, the number of permanent teeth. What additional development. criterion should be assessed at this age?
View question and answer
A man suffers from urolithiasis and periodically develops hyperoxaluria. What products should be reduced in his diet?
View question and answer
A 38-year-old woman complains of weakness, sleepiness, pain in the joints, weight gain despite low appetite, and constipations. She presents with dry and thickened skin, puffy and amimic face, narrowed palpebral fissures, thick tongue, and deep hoarse voice. Her heart sounds are weak, pulse is 56/min. Low levels of free T4 are observed. This patient needs to take the following on a regular basis:
View question and answer
A 52-year-old man had an acute onset of the disease after an overexposure to cold that occurred 3 weeks ago. He complains of cough, high body temperature of 30.5°C chest pain on the right, and marked dyspnea. His pulse is 120/min., blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg, respiration rate 48/min. Acrocyanosis is observed. Objectively, the right side of his chest lags behind during breathing. Percussion detects a pulmonary dullness on the right. Auscultation detects no breathing over the right lung. X-ray shows on the right a shadow with fuzzy upper margin to the level of rib II. Exudate contains 90% of neutrophils. What is the most likely. diagnosis in this case?
View question and answer
A 25-year-old woman has been suffering from diabetes mellitus since she was 9. She was admitted into the nephrology unit with significant edemas of the face, arms, and legs. Blood pressure 200/110 mm Hg, Hb 90 g/L, blood creatinine-850 mcmol/L, the daily amount of urine is decreased 200 ml, urine proteins 1.0 g/L, leukocytes - 10-15 in the vision field. Glomerular filtration rate - 10 mL/min. What tactics should the doctor choose?
View question and answer
A 20-year-old man suffers from headache, general weakness, and face edema that appears in the morning 18 days carlier he had a case of tonsillitis Objectively, his skin is pale, there are edema under his eyes. Heart rate is 60/min., blood pressure is 185/100 mm Hg. The sign of costovertebral angle tenderness (punch sign in the lumbar region) is negative. Urinalysis: color of «meat slops», protein 4.5 g/L, altered erythrocytes 40-45 in the vision field, leukocytes-5-6 in the vision field. 24-hour diuresis is 400 mL. What is the most likely diagnosis?
View question and answer
A 20-year-old student after failing an exam developed complaints of a sensation of a round foreign body in her throat, difficult swallowing. She fixates on her condition, limits her diet, often cries, seeks attention, exhibits demonstrative attitude. She is highly susceptible to psychotherapeutic suggestion. What psychiatric diagnosis can be made in this case?
View question and answer
A 29-year-old woman complains of a general weakness, increased fatigability. weight loss, and infrequent scanty periods. One year ago she had a childbirth. complicated with a massive bleeding. Objectively, the woman is asthenic, her skin is pale and dry, the hair cover is thin on her scalp and absent in her armpits. Her mammary glands and genitals are hypotrophic. Make the provisional diagnosis:
View question and answer
A 17-year-old girl has made an appointment with the doctor. She plans to begin her sex life. No signs of gynecological pathology were detected. In the family history there was a case of cervical cancer that occurred to the patient's grandmother. The patient was consulted about the maintenance of her reproductive health. What recommendation will be the most helpful for prevention of invasive cervical cancer?
View question and answer
A 7-year-old boy after playing with a cat suddenly developed problems with breathing. Objectively, the boy is pale. frightened, and sits, leaning onto his arms. His body temperature is 36.6°C. heart rate 120/min., respiration rate min., speaks in syllables. The exhale 42/ is long and accompanied by wheezing Percussion detects a handbox resonance over the lungs. An inhalation of ventolin (salbutamol) solution nebulizer. What can help assess the child's started via a need for oxygen therapy in this case?
View question and answer
A 7-day-old girl is markedly inert and suffers from recurrent (sometimes projectile) vomiting, liquid stools, exicosis, and marked progressing hypotension. She gains no weight. Her skin is carthy gray and her nipples are pigmented. She presents with enlarged ditoris, incomplete union of the vulvar lips, and incomplete separation of the urethra and vagina. She has marked hyperkalemia and hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis, and hypoglycemia. Her blood aldosterone levels are low, while her plasma renin activity is high. Make the provisional diagnosis?
View question and answer
A pregnant woman at 32 weeks of gestation with the risk of preterm labor undergoes a treatment to prevent fetal respiratory distress syndrome. What medicine was she prescribed?
View question and answer
A 25-year-old parturient woman is hospitalized with contractions that have been occurring for 12 hours already. The contractions last 25 seconds, while the intervals between them last 3-4-7 minutes. The contractions are irregular and sharply painful, with pain spreading upwards from the lower uterine segment. The baby is in the cephalic presentation, the head is pressed to the entrance into the lesser pelvis. Uterine hypertonus is observed Internal obstetric examination shows that the cervix is smoothed and the opening of the external orifice uterus is 3 cm. The amniotic sac is intact. Make the provisional diagnosis
View question and answer
A 65-year-old man has an over 17 year-long history of chronic obstructive bronchitis. He complains of dyspnea with difficult inspiration, heaviness in his right subcostal region, and edema of feet and shins. Auscultation detects rough respiration and dry crackles over the lungs, and an accentuated split second heart sound in the second intercostal region. What changes can be expected on the ECG?
View question and answer
For the last 2 years, a 32-year-old woman has been observing periodical pain attacks in her right subcostal area that could be removed with no-spa (drotaverine). The pain is not always associated with meals, sometimes it is caused by anxiety and accompanied by cardiac pain and palpitations. Objectively, the woman is emotionally labile. Abdominal palpation detects a slight pain in the area of the gallbladder. What pathology is the most likely to cause such clinical presentation?
View question and answer
A 36-year-old woman complains of nausea, belching, liquid stool, and a pain in the epigastrium after meals. For the last 2 years the disease has been slowly progressing. Objectively, her skin is pale and dry, her tongue is coated, moist, and has imprints of the teeth on its edges. Abdominal palpation detects a diffuse pain in the epigastrium. What test will be the most informative in this case and should be conducted next ?
View question and answer
A 62-year-old woman was brought into the admission room with complaints of severe burning retrosternal pain and asphyxia. She has a 10-year-long history of essential hypertension. Objectively presents with skin pallor, cyanotic lips and vesicular respiration over her lungs The II heart sound is accentuated over the aorta. Blood pressure -210/120 mm Hg. heart rate (pulse) 76/min. ECG shows elevation of ST segment in the leads 1, AVL, and V5-V6. What is the most likely diagnosis?
View question and answer
A 40-year-old woman after an unsuccesful treatment by a neurologist was referred to a gynecologist. Soc complains of swollen breasts, depression intermittent with agression, weakness, tearfulness, numb arms, and meteorism that appear 2-3 days before a menstruation and disappear after the menstruation is over. She considers herself ill for the last 2 years. Gynecological examination detects no pathologic changes in her genitals. She was diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome. What clinical form of premenstrual syndrome is the most likely in this case?
View question and answer
During examination a 4-month-old child with meningococcemia presents with acrocyanosis, cold extremities, tachypnea, and thready pulse, blood pressure of 30/0 mm Hg, anuria, and sopor. What clinical syndrome is it?
View question and answer
A 39-year-old woman complains of high body temperature of 37.8°C that persists for two days already, frequent urination, and dull lumbar pain. a These sighs appeared for the first time, after an overexposure to cold. During physical examination, palpation of the renal region is painful. Urinalysis shows the following: pH alkaline, protein - 0.099 g/L, leukocytes cover the whole vision field, erythrocytes - 0 in the vision field, cylinders 0 in the vision field. Complete blood count shows the following: hemoglobin - 140 g/L, leukocytes- 9.2 x 109/L, ESR- 30 mm/hour. What medicine should be chosen for empiric antibiotic therapy in this case?
View question and answer
A 60-year-old man came to a hospital sensation behind complaining of a bursting his sternum that develops during fast walking and physical exertion. The pain lasts for approximately 5 minutes and passes on its own in a resting state. Objectively, his pulse is 75/min., blood. pressure 140/80 mm Hg. The heart borders are normal. Heart sounds are slightly weakened, rhythmic, and clear. ECG shows no changes. Make the provisional diagnosis:
View question and answer
A baby is 4 days old. The baby's condition after birth is severe (tonic-clonic seizures, no newborn reflexes). The muscle tone is asymmetrical. The large fontanelle exhibits increased pulsation and is 3x3 cm in size. The baby's respiration rate is 32/min., with apnea episodes. The heart sounds are clear and rhytmical, the heart rate is 122/min. Neurosonogram shows enlarged lateral ventricles with echo positive inclusions in the ependyma. What is the most likely cause of the child's condition in this case?
View question and answer
A 39-year-old man came to a doctor complaining of a pain in his left leg. The disease onset was 2 days ago. Objectively. his body temperature is 37.8°C and he has subcutaneous varicose veins on the inner surface of his left thigh and shin. The skin over the varicose veins is hot and red. The Moses and Homans signs are negative. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
View question and answer
A 48-year-old woman complains of disturbed menstrual cycle: her periods last for 7-9 days and are excessively profuse throughout the last half-year. She notes occasional hot flashes in her head, insomnia, irritability, and headaches. Her skin is of normal color. Blood pressure 150/90 mm Hg. pulse - 90/min., rhythmic. The abdomen is soft and painless. Bimanual examination shows no uterine enlargement, the appendages cannot be detected. The vaginal fornices are free. What is the most likely diagnosis?
View question and answer
A 12-year-old boy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complains of dyspnea caused by the slightest physical exertion. Echocardiography detected asymmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy. signs of pulmonary hypertension, and left ventricular dilatation, its ejection fraction is 59%. These developments are indicative of
View question and answer
During a regular examination, an year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus presents with a swelling on the anterior surface of her hip. The swelling is 3 cm in diameter, dense, painless on palpation. The skin over this formation has normal color and temperature. Localization of the swelling matches the place where the girl usually receives her insulin injections. What is the most likely cause of this clinical presentation?
View question and answer
Anthropometric measurements are widely used to study the physical development of children and teenagers. What measurement is the functional one?
View question and answer
A 27-year-old man complains of dry cough, dyspnea during the slightest exertion, chest pain, and high temperature of 37.3°C that persists for the last 3 weeks. He has a past history of drug abuse. His respiration is rough, without crackles. He has tachycardia of 120/min. X-ray shows interstitial changes on the both sides of his lungs. Bronchoscopy detects Pneumocista carinii in the lavage fluid. What medicine will be the most effective for the treatment of this patient?
View question and answer
During regular examination of a 2 year-old boy, he presents with enlarged left kidney, painless on palpation. The right kidney was undetectable on palpation. Excretory urography shows no contrast on the right. Cytoscopy detected hemiatrophy of the urinary bladder trigone, the right ureteral orifice is not detected. What pathology is it?
View question and answer
A 20-year-old man was hospitalized on the 9th day of the disease. He attributes his disease to eating of insufficiently thermally processed pork. At its onset this condition manifested in periorbital edemas and fever. Objectively, his body temperature is 38.5°C. The face is puffy and the eyelids are markedly swollen. Palpation of gastrocnemius muscles is sharply painful. Blood test shows hypereosinophilia. What is the etiology of this disease?
View question and answer
A 55-year-old woman complains of a recurrent diarrhea, peeling and pigmentation of the exposed areas of her skin (neck, hands, and feet), irritability, and anxiety. What vitamin deficiency is it?
View question and answer
A 35-year-old pregnant woman with hypertension, developed edemas and headache at the 33 week of her pregnancy. Objectively her general condition is satisfactory, blood pressure - 160/100 mm Hg. normal uterine tone. Fetal heart rate is 140/min., rhythmic. She was diagnosed with daily proteinuria - 4 g/L, daily diuresis -1100 mL. Creatinine - 80 mcmol/L, urca - 7 mmol/L, platelets - 100 x 109/L. What complication of pregnancy occurred?
View question and answer