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KROK 1 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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After thorough examination, a man, who has returned to Ukraine from the Central Asia, was provisiony diagnosed with spring-summer encephalitis. In such cases, the causative agent is transmitted via the bites of a certain arthropod. Name this arthropod:
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An older woman has type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanied by obesity, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease. Basal-state hyperinsulinemia was detected in her condition. What treatment would be adequate for this woman?
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A newborn had seizures that stopped after vitamin B6, was prescribed. This effect was most likey observed, because vitamin B6, takes part in formation of:
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Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome often develops in chronic alcoholics, who have a low-vitamin dict. Decreased transketolasc activity can be observed in the course causes this development?
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On examiantion a man presents with convergent strabismus, inward deviation of the eyeball and inability to move the eyeball outward. What nerve is damaged?
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After a cerebral trauma a person has lost the eyesight. What areas of the cerebral cortex are likely to be damaged, causing this condition?
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After a severe case of poliomyelitis, disturbed function of the central nervous system has caused weakening of the movements of all four limbs in the patient. What diagnostic term is used to describe this condition?
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A man for a long time was suffering from hemoblastosis. Autopsy of the body revealed brown color of the bone marrow, spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. Perls histochemical reaction was performed. It was determined that reticular, endothelial, and histiocytic elements of the affected organs contain blue granules. What pigment was detected using the Perls histochemical reaction?
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Albinos are vulnerable to sunlight - instead of developing a suntan, they develop burns. This phenomenon occurs because of disturbed metabolism of a certain amino acid. Name this amino acid:
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After a nephrectomy, a 40-year-old man has developed signs of anemia. Why did these signs appear?
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Against the background of digitoxin treatment, a man has developed bigeminy, severe muscle weakness, diarrhea, vomiting, impaired vision. What medicines can miticate the signs of poisoning in this case?
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Tyrosine is used as a substrate in thyroxine synthesis. What chemical element takes part in this process?
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Mitochondrial destruction is observed in some hereditary diseases (for example, Kearns-Sayre syndrome). What processes can be disturbed, as a result, in the cell?
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To assess their adaptation to physical exertion, the doctor has examined the workers after a severe workload. What changes in the complete blood count can be detected in this case?
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A patient has elevated blood pressure due to increased vascular tone. To lower the blood pressure, it is necessary to prescribe the blockers of
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Watson and Crick determined that the DNA double helix structure is stabilized with the bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases. What type of bond is it?
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Before prescribing a protein parenteral nutrition to an emaciated patient, the doctor has referred the patient for serum protein electrophoresis. This technique is based on the following physicochemical properties of proteins:
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Autopsy of the body of a 40-year-old woman, who died of uremia, shows enlarged variegated kidneys In the kidneys, the glomerular capillary membranes are thickened and resemble "wire loops"; there are foci of fibrinoid necrosis in their walls and hyaline thrombi in their lumina. In the nuclei, there are hematoxylin bodies. In the heart, Libman-Sacks endocarditis is observed. What renal disorder is the most likely in this case?
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A measles outbreak has occurred in a maternity clinic. What class of maternal antibodies can provide newborn with immunity to measles virus?
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A man with heart failure presents with enlarged liver, leg edema, and ascites. What is the leading mechanism of edema formation in this case?
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A 35-year-old woman was taking acetylsalicylic acid to relieve the pain in her carious tooth. After a time, she noticed digestive disorders, stomach heaviness, and heartburn. Why does this drug aggravate the gastric condition?
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A patient with suppurative bronchitis was hospitalized into the pulmonology department. As a part of complex therapy, he was prescribed a medicine that liquefies sputum and facilitates expectoration. Name this medicine:
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A 1.5-year-old boy, who previously received no regular immunization, was in contact with a measles patient. For urgent specific prevention, the child was administered donor gamma globulin. What type of immunity develops in this case?
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A 56-year-old woman with angioneurotic edema was prescribed an Hi blocker with antispasmodic, sedative, and local anesthetic action. Select this H1 blocker from the list:
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When planning a diet, one should observe the correct ratio of nutrients proteins, fals, and carbohydrates. What is the correct ratio?
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On the third day after gastric resection, the patient developed intestinal atony. What medicine should be used in the case?
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Autopsy of the body of a person, who died after an abdominal surgery, revealed numerous thrombi in the veins of the lesser pelvis. Clinically, thromboembolism syndrome was registered. Where should the pathologist search for thromboembolas?
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A man has acute pancreatitis. What medicines must be prescribed in this case, to prevent pancreatic autolysis?
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When studying section material, the pathologist has noticed folliculi lymphatici aggregati (Peyer's patches) on the inner surface of an intestinal segment. This segment is a part of:
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Liver diseases usually are accompanied by a marked tendency to bleed. Why is it so?
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Feces of a child with an acute intestinal infection were inoculated onto Endo Agar formed colourless colonies
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A 45-year-old woman has an attack of ciliary arrhythmia. She suffers from stage II essential hypertension. What is the drug of choice for stopping this attack?
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A man complains of a burning pain in the area of his heart. Based on the analysis of his ECG, he has been diagnosed with infarction of the posterior wall of the left ventricle. What artery has damaged branches in this case? A medical student was hospitalized into the infectious diseases unit on the 2nd day after the disease
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In von Gierke disease, glycogen accumulation can be observed in liver and kidneys. This disease is caused by deficiency of the following enzyme:
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A person has increased pulmonary ventilation because of physical exertion. What indicator of external respiration will be significantly increased compared to the resting state?
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Bacteriology testing is one of methods for laboratory diagnostics of diphtheria. To grow the colonies of C. diphtheriae, it is necessary to know the proper conditions for causative agent cultivation. What nutrient media are optimal for Corynebacterium diphtheriae cultivation?
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A 3-year-old child has been brought to the pediatrics department with a nonclosure of the anterior fontanelle. At what age docs it normally occur?
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A man, who has arrived from Tunisia, has alpha-thalassemia with hemolysis of erythrocytes andjaundice. The disease was diagnosed based on the presence of the following in the patient's blood:
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Patients with B12-deficiency anemia develop degenerative processes in the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord (funicular myelosis). In this case, the damage to the axons is caused by the disturbed formation of:
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A patient complains of acute increase in diuresis (up to 5-7 liters of urine per 24 hours). Examination revealed decreased secretion of vasopressin in this patient. What cells have insufficient secretory activity in this case?
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