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KROK 1 Medicine 2021 Questions | KROKEXAM
Browse 2021 KROK 1 Medicine exam questions with answers and explanations.
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A 45-year-old woman developed an acute inflammatory disease of her upper respiratory tract and eyes during the flowering period. She presents with hyperemia, edema, and mucous discharge, Increase in the number of what type of leukocytosis would be characteristic in this case?
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A 40-year-old woman during examination presents with intensified basal metabolic rate. Excees in present of what hormone leads to such condition?
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In an experiment on a dog, it became necessary to reduce the excitability of the myocardium. What solution should be administered to the animal intravenously for this purpose?
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A man presents with decreased blood pH, low levels of bicarbonate ions (a drop in the blood alkaline reserve), and increased blood and urine levels of lactic and pyruvic acids. What type of acid-base imbalance is it?
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In an experiment, a frog neuromuscular preparation had been processed with a curare-like substance, which led to the disapparance of muscle contractions in response to electrical stimulation. 'What function of the muscle cell membrane is disrupted by curare-like substances?
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A 56-year-old man complains of thirst and frequent urination. The endocrinologist diagnosed this patient with diabetes mellitus and prescribed him glibenclamide. What mechanism of action does this drug have?
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Name the drug. that has a detrimental effect on erythrocytic forms of malarial plasmodiae and Entamoeba histolytica and is used for treatment and prevention of malaria, as well as for treatment of amebiasis and collagen diseases.
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The patient's blood test shows a significant increase in the activity of the MB-fraction of CPK (creatine phosphokinase) and LDH*I. What pathology can it indicate?
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A 48-year-old man is unconscious. He has a history of several syncopal episodes with convulsions. ECG shows deformed ORS complexes unconnected with P waves, atrial contractions are approximately 70/min., ventricular contractions — 30/min, Name the type of arrhythmia in
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Autopsy of the body of a child shows a primary intestinal tuberculosis complex: the primary affect is a jejunal ulcer, there are lymphangitis and regional caseous lymphadenitis. death occurred as a result of ulcer perforation and development of diffuse peritonitis. What is the route of tuberculosts infection in this child?
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A 63-year-old woman had a astrointestinal hemorrhage that exposed hood proteins to intestinal microorganisms, i.e. they became a subject of putrefaction. It resulted in an increased concentration of the following substance in the patient's blood:
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A patient with essential hypertension, taking hypothiazide (hydrochlorothiazide) treatment. He complains of general weakness, loss of appetite, and palpitations. He has muscle hypotonia, flaccid paralyses, and decreased intestinal peristalsis. What can be the cause of this condition?
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24 hours after an appendectomy the patient's blood test shows neutrophilic leukocytosis with a regenerative shift. What is the most likely mechanism of absolute leukocytosis development in the patient's peripheral blood?
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A group of researchers aimed to study cardiac physiology found that overstretching of atria in the heart leads to decreased sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and increase in glomerular filtration rate. Which of the following is the most likely cause of physiologic effects discovered by researchers?
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A patient with an acute transmural left ventricular myocardial infarction has died of cardiac rupture and tamponade. What process in the infarction zone could have contributed to the rupture?
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A 35-year-old parturient woman is dia nosed with a pain syndrome associated with a delay in the first stage of labor. What medicine would be optimal for pain relief in this case?
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ECG of a man shows an increased duration of the QT interval. It may be due to a decrease in the speed of the following in the ventricles:
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Sigmoidoscopy of a 10-year-old child shows the rectal and sigmoid mucosa to be swollen, reddish, and covered in a thick layer of mucus. These changes correspond With the following pathology:
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Histology of the cardiac auricle in a patient with mitral valve stenosis revealed Aschoff-Talalayev granulomas. case evident, according to this histological study?
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After a collision of two cars, onc of the drivers has an extremely painful deformity in the middle third of the left shin. "Ihe pain intensifies on an attempt to move the left shin. ends of a bone with triangular section protrude from the wound. The blood loss increases. What bone is likely to be damaged?
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A 20-year-old woman with intestinal polyposis has a history of frequent fungal and viral diseases. What part of the immune system is most likely to be deficient in this case?
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People, who live in hot climates, have reduced blood levels of a certain hormone that is important for adaptive thermoregulation. What hormone is it?
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In the process of human aging, the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic juice decreases and its trypsin levels become lower It results in disturbed breakdown of:
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A 60-year-old man was taking digoxin systematically. His condition first improved and then started to deteriorate. He developed bradycardia and arrhythmia. What is the underlying phenomenon of this
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A patient with high blood lcvcls of sulfhemoglobin was brought into the intensive care unit. What type of hypoxia occurred in this case?
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A patient has gradually developed a skin plaque on his face. In the center of this plaque there are necrotic patch and an ulcer. Histopathological analysis of the biopsy material reveals proliferation of atypical epithelial cells with large number of pathologic mitoses. Make the diagnosis.
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A worker at a factory that produces vanadium compounds presents with increased ossification caused by high calcium levels in his bone tissues. This condition is likely to be associated with the activity of:
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A 63-year-old man, according to his relatives, had three episodes of unconsciousness. His respiration rate is 18/min., heart rate — 45/min., blood pressure— 100/70 mm Hg. ECG shows that the frequency of P waves is 80/min., while the frequency of ventricular complexes is 42/min. What type of arrhythmia is the most likely in this case?
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Mother of a 2-year-old child made an appointment with the dentist. She complains of teeth destruction in her child. Examination shows that the milk teeth of the child are deformed, carious, and have a brown border at their cervices. Medical history of the mother revealed that during her pregnancy she had been taking antibiotics without the doctor's prescription. What group of antibiotics with the most marked teratogenic effect was likely taken by the mother?
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A man provisionally diagnosed with Kline citer syndrome came to a genetic consultancy. What genetic method can be used to confirm the diagnosis?
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Cushing disease (hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex with increased production of corticosteroids) leads to the development of hyperglycemia. What process is stimulated in this case?
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In hepatitis and myocardial infarction, the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases sharply increases in the patients' blood plasma. Why does this Increase in the activity of these enzymes in the blood occur?
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A patient with scurvy presents with impaired hydroxylation of collagen proline and lysine. What biochemical process is inhibited in this case, being the reason for this disorder?
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Hematologic study shows the following attern: erythrocytes — 2,8 1012/L, Hb — 8O g/L, color index 0.85, reticulocytes — 0,1%, platelets — 160 thousand per microliter, leukocytes — 60-109/L. Basocytes — 2%, eosinophils — 8%, promyelocytes — 5%, myelocytes — 5%, juvenile — 16%, stab neutrophils — 20%, segmented neutrophils — 34%, lymphocytes — 5%, monocytes — 5%. This clinical presentation indicates the following blood pathology:
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A 40-year-old man with pulmonary tuberculosis was prescribed isoniazid. Prolonged taking ot this drug can result in development of the following vitamin deficiency:
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A man presents with atrophy of the posterior group of calf muscles. What nerve IS affected in this case?
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A specimen of a 10-day-old human embryo shows two interconnected sacs (amniotic and yolk sacs). Name structure located in the place where these two sacs connect:
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A 45-year-old man with acute pneumonia has developed pulmonary edema on the 6th day of illness, which resulted in his death. Autopsy shows that the entire upper lobe of the right lung is affected. This lobe is enlarged, dense, and gray on section. It has fibrinous deposits on the pleura. A cloudy liquid flows from the section surface. Microscopy shows fibrin, neutrophils, macrophages, and hemolyzed erythrocytes in the lumen of the alveoli. What type of pneumonia is the patient present with?
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Anticoagulant therapy is indicated in cases of acute thrombosis. What direct-acting anticoagulant is used if there is a risk of thrombosis?
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During a surgery, the patient received a blood transfusion, In such cases, the donor blood must be tested for antigens of the following causative agent:
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